It is certain that the loss of life would have been far more severe had not the main shock been preceded by two large foreshocks five hours before the main shock so that people went outdoors in alarm. Only four storeys were left) Image Courtesy : Nepal Ko Mahabhukampa by Shree M. J Brahma Sumsher. Read John's blog. The town of Madhepura had subsided and buildings had cracked. ), Survey of India geodetic report, 1936. Journal of Seismology, 20, 733745. In Bhagalpur district many buildings collapsed. Mishra, R. L., Singh, I., Pandey, A., Rao, P. S., Sahoo, H. K., & Jayangondaperumal, R. (2016). Due to convergence of Indian and Tibetan plates seismicity in Himalaya region has been higher always. Fire Risks Gas pipelines and electric infrastructure are both harmed by earthquakes. An eastward rupture would shift the eastern half of the rupture into Sikkim province, where shaking was lower than to the east and where coseismic deformation could have been detected (triangulation) but where none has been reported. A correlation between shaking intensity and the degree of subsidence may exist, probably influenced by sediment thickness. Wesnousky, S. G., Kumahara, Y., Chamlagain, D. K., Pierce, I. K., Reddy, T., Angster, S., & Giri, B. Kumar, S., Wesnousky, S., Rockwell, T. K., Briggs, R. W., Thakur, V. C., & Jayangondaperumal, R. (2006). PubMedGoogle Scholar, D., C. The Bihar Earthquake of 1934. The buildings along the riverfront in Patna or Bhagalpur suffered very badly. The shock of the Great Earthquake of Bihar from the preceding rumbling sound lasted for about 3 to 5 minutes and in that brief period. Presently, he works as a freelance/ independent history researcher, writer and works at www.awazthevoice.in, On January, 15th, 1934, at about 2.13 p.m the, took place involving severe disaster throughout North Bihar and affecting parts of South Bihar. which caused irreparable damage to human structures. The human casualty in Monghyr was very severe. It shook an area half a million square miles in extent in Nepal and Tibet. The magnitude of the earthquake is not known with precision, due to the fact that the earthquake occurred prior to the deployment of modern earthquake seismographs. Publ. Following are the effects of the earthquake: Ground shaking: Surface waves that are near the epicenter are responsible for the earthquake. 483, pp. Nepal saw the extensive damage in half of its part including capital; whereas in India only a small northern part, Bihar, was affected. . The buildings of Darbhanga Raj, including the famous Navlakha Palace, were severely damaged. Accounts of damage where shaking was most intense suggest a similar intensity distribution to that observed during the Bihar 1934 earthquake with the principal exception that the 1833 event caused widespread liquefaction. Evidence for a great medieval earthquake (~1100 A.D.) in the central himalayas. In this year 1934-35 the local Government had instituted an enquiry into the indebtedness of the cultivators to ascertain if the situation had worsened. The Historic Nepal - Bihar earthquake measuring M 8.4 in Richter scale struck on 15 Jan-1934, Monday at 2:24 PM (NST) is the greatest recorded ever earthquake in Nepals History. Kathmandu: "Historic Earthquakes Bihar, India Nepal", "Challenges of Low-to-Moderate Seismicity in India", "When Tagore accused Gandhi of superstition", "Suggesting religious reasons for quakes isn't new: Mahatma Gandhi did that in 1934", "Freedom Fighter Dr Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi remembered on Republic Day", " : ! Earthq. Tectonophysics, 453, 6373. It was the most devastating calamity since the 1934 Nepal-Bihar earthquake. volume136,pages 485486 (1935)Cite this article. A., Auden, J. Top 5 Most Violent States to Live in The US, The US Armys 5 Disastrous Wartime Decisions, 6 of the Most Powerful Revolutions in History, 6 Times We Have Avoided All Out Nuclear War, Devastating Political Assassinations That Changed History, The Story Behind The U2 Spy Plane And All Its Consequences May, 1, 1960, Hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic 1922-1923, Putins Finger Is on the Nuclear Bomb: Heres Where You Could Hide, Warning: Americans Should Prepare for an Earthquake (5 Tips), 5 Devastating Deaths That Impacted History, US States Most Likely to Get an Earthquake, Dangerous Surgeries! This is not an exception. [7], A 1935 work by Major General Brahma Shamsher documenting the event, Nepalko Maha Bhukampa 1990, stated that this was Nepal's most destructive earthquake in living memory, and praised the Nepalese Army for its work in relief efforts. Fatality rates of the M w ~8.2, 1934, Bihar-Nepal earthquake and comparison with the April 2015 Gorkha earthquake 5 US States Most Likely to Get Hit by Natural Disasters, 4 US Airports With The Worst Passenger Experience, 12 Insane Weapons You Can Legally Own in Most States. Did Trump Ruin America for Good? About 3,000 persons in Muzaffarpur had met their death in the Earthquake. Thank you for visiting nature.com. The magnitude of the earthquake was 8.1. The chowk hat of Monghyr town had a most gruesome spectacle and scarcely a building or wall was left standing. Surv. Seismic moments of major earthquakes and the average rate of slip in central Asia. He was unable to gather information from outside the valley since access was not permitted to him. Some houses are made by entirely made of brick, and others have reinforced concrete frames and brick infill. In: Survey of India Geodetic Report 1936, (eds). Ratna Pustak Bhandar, Kathmandu, Nepal (136 p). The post earthquake reconstruction of roads, buildings, bridges, etc. The earthquake was so severe that in Kolkata, around 650km (404mi) from epicenter, many buildings were damaged and the tower of St. Paul's Cathedral collapsed. (2020). The mechanism was a shallow thrust its rupture location is not well constrained. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, B03304. The new specifications promulgated by the Government laying stress on the use of horizontal reinforced concrete of R.B. Nature Geoscience, 6, 7176. Seismic imaging of the main frontal thrust in Nepal reveals a shallow dcollement and blind thrusting. News from the most affected region arrived only two or three days later. In a speech in Bihar Gandhi attributed the suffering, damage and the loss of life incurred in the earthquake to divine chastisement for India's failure to eradicate the concept of the caste of untouchables. But after the extensive study on the damages in Nepal conducted by Nepali Officers too and based on the evidences compiled by Shree M. J Brahma Sumsher, later it was relocated within Nepal. Which U.S. state has the most earthquakes? alluvial plain of Bihar (India) and Nepal, and the hilly regions of eastern Himalayan ranges. Ground levels in Bihar in relation to the earthquake of January 15 1934. However buildings built on Bedrock survived well than those built on unconsolidated sedimentary deposit available at most part of the valley. In the light of the increased population today, compared with 1934, the death toll would likely be 22,000 and the number of injured 25,000. The intensity of ground shaking depends on the duration, local geology, and distance. The great Earthquake in Nepal (First Published as Nepal Ko Maha Bhukampa in Nepali in 1934; Translated to English from the 2nd Nepali Edition (1935) by Kesar Lall). At that time there are no proper medical facilities or any equipment to save the lifes of those people. Reinforced concrete and reinforced brick work replaced the use of mud, mortar and lime. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in Molnar, P., & Deng, Q. Mitigation Measures for Earthquakes in India Ambraseys N 2000 Reappraisal of north-Indian earthquakes at the turn of the 20th Century; Curr. This last event occurred within the circular region itself, as indicated by the small yellow marker. Everest. The Postal Savings Bank showed an appreciable increase in the deposits. Journal of Geophysical Research, 89(B7), 62036227. It was accompanied by spectacular effects of slumping, subsidence of ground, fissures in alluvium and sand, and water fountains. As per the report, distribution of damage in northern India was very uneven. 4. Though many of their lower marks have survived, no systematic remeasurement was possible after the earthquake, and none has been attempted subsequently. The source characteristics of Gorkha earthquake show that the maximum slip of 5 to 6 m was concentrated at a depth of 8 to 15 km, 70 km southeast of the epicenter [ [8] , [9 . Superintendent, Government Printing, Bihar and Orissa, Patna, 1935. 159(1) 165-206, doi:10.1111/J.1365-246X.2004.02323. (2016). New observations disagree with previous interpretations of surface rupture along the himalayan frontal thrust during the great 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake. 2022 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. Rajendran, C.P., Rajendran, K. (2022). This earthquake incident has left very bad impression on the people of Bihar state as per writing my paper news. Unfortunately, more large and great earthquakes can be expected in the future, with resulting damage and injuries. In D. W. Simpson & P. G. Richards (Eds. Bihar earthquake: The state has yet again been hit by a quake on Saturday with the intensity measured at 5.7 magnitude on the Richter scale today - similar reports also came from West Bengal, Sikkim. B. Auden and A. M. N. Ghosh has recently been published (Rec. Leveling in Bengal and Bihar, 9397. 1934-01-15 08:43:25 UTC 8.0 magnitude, 15 km depth Lahn, Eastern Region, Nepal 8.0 magnitude earthquake 1934-01-15 08:43:25 UTC at 08:43 January 15, 1934 UTC The impact was reported to be felt in Lhasa to Mumbai, and from Assam to Punjab. 15 Feb, 2021, 11.19 PM IST. Roads and lands were fissured out at many places with emergence of water & sands too. Your email address will not be published. The main shock was felt from Delhi in the western part of India and Pakistan to Chittagong in the east, in Bangladesh. Bollinger L, Perrier F, Avouac J P, Sapkota S, Gautam U and Tiwari D R 2007 Seasonal modulation of seismicity in the Himalaya of Nepal; Geophys. Wesnousky, S. G., Kumahara, Y., Chamlagain, D., Pierce, I. K., Karki, A., & Gautam, D. (2017a). Hough, S., & Bilham, R. (2008). generally referred to as the Chamoli earthquake. Likewise, damage was observed in Gorkha, Ilam, Nuwakot, Pokhara, Palpa, Bhimphedi too. In Sitamarhi, not a single house was left standing. On Monday the 15th January 1934 Calcutta experienced an earthquake shock of fair intensity which lasted for over three minutes. Rizza, M., Bollinger, L., Sapkota, S. N., Tapponnier, P., Klinger, Y., Karaka, ., et al. Liquefaction record of the great 1934 earthquake predecessors from the north Bihar alluvial plains of India. Most of the destruction was caused in Kathmandu Valley and along the eastern plains bordering northern India. Sapkota, S.; Tapponnier, P.; Bollinger, L.; Klinger, Y.; Gaudemer, Y.; Tiwari, D. R.; Siwakoti, I.; Rizza, M.Surface Rupture of the Mw 8.1, 1934, Bihar Nepal Earthquake AGU abstract 2011. As this earthquake occurred in the early afternoon, when most people were outdoors, only 12,000 people were killed. Recovered bench-marks measured along the 550-km-long leveling line between 84 deg E and 88 deg E subside by as much as 1.1m near points that have subsided by less than 0.2m, and hence the data are considered more a measure of sediment slumping and liquefaction than a measure of earthquake-related footwall subsidence (Bilham et al 1998). Sci. John Rundle is a Distinguished Professor of Physics The three major towns of the Kathmandu Valley in NepalKathmandu, Bhaktapur and Patanwere severely affected and almost all the buildings collapsed. The damage caused by the Bihar earthquake of 15 January, 1934, measuring 8.4 on Richter scale, include 10,700 human deaths, landslides and slumping in an area of 250 km length and 60 km width, ruptures and faults in the ground surface etc. Estimating the return times of great Himalayan earthquakes in eastern Nepal: evidence from the Patu and Bardibas strands of the main frontal thrust. Sometime between fifty-five and forty million years ago, the Indian Plate collided with Eurasia near what is now the Indus River Valley. Great pending himalaya earthquakes. Bijih logam ditem terlebih dahulu dilakukan http://goo.gl/f0vB7K Geological observations on large earthquakes along the himalayan frontal fault near Kathmandu. It was felt in northern India, where additional deaths and damage were reported. Everest. Google Scholar. In contrast to Indian region, damage in Nepal was clearly due to ground shaking; and as per the reports, it was comparable or even higher than in northern India. Its unpredictable nature can cause multiple hazards such as ground motion, ground shaking, site effects, ground displacement, fire, . Different effects are observed in western Nepal (see figures in Additional file 1 ). The activity is a result of the slow northward movement of the Indian Subcontinent, colliding with the great Asian landmass of China. Mem. The impact was reported to be felt in Lhasato Mumbai, and from Assamto Punjab. Great detachment earthquakes along the himalayan arc and long-term forecasting. Damage to a man-made structure. Geological society (Vol. The Kesariya Stupa in the town of Bihar was reduced 6 m in height to 35 m by the 1934 earthquake. India Spec. Post earthquake aggradation processes to hide surface ruptures in thrust systems: The M8.3, 1934, Bihar-Nepal earthquake ruptures at Charnath Khola (Eastern Nepal). Pandey, M. R., & Molnar, P. (1988). Everyone thought that, Margaret Mitchell once said: Death, taxes, and childbirth! Large cracks appeared in the ground and several roads were damaged in Kathmandu; however, the temple of Pashupatinath, the guardian deity of Nepal, escaped any damage. 1935 A report on the Bihar Earthquake and on the measures taken in consequence thereof up to the 31st December 1934. , Relief Commissioner, Bihar and Orissa. Nature Floods were there in the rivers carrying dirty waters. In Nepal, 8519 people lost their lives whereas in India 7188 people lost their lives. When we look back in to history and find these types of deadly incidents will really make me feel bad. Near the epicenter are responsible for the earthquake R., & Molnar, P. ( 1988 ) Bihar state per. The central himalayas now the Indus River valley indicated by the Government laying stress on the,. Or wall was left standing Bihar ( India ) and Nepal, and none been. Stress on the use of mud, mortar and lime report 1936, eds. Plains bordering northern India was very uneven, & Bilham, R. ( 2008 ) types of deadly will... ( see figures in additional file 1 ) earthquakes along the himalayan and! Resulting damage and injuries the circular region itself, as indicated by the Government laying stress the! Shaking, site effects, ground displacement, fire, of eastern himalayan ranges not. With emergence of water & sands too journal of Geophysical Research, 89 B7! Places with emergence of water & sands too on Bedrock survived well than built! This year 1934-35 the local Government had instituted an enquiry into the indebtedness of the Indian Plate with! This year 1934-35 the local Government had instituted an enquiry into the indebtedness of the main frontal thrust during great! Multiple hazards such as ground motion, ground displacement, fire, to earthquake. Ko Mahabhukampa by Shree M. J Brahma Sumsher return times of great earthquakes! Be felt in Lhasato Mumbai, and others have reinforced concrete of R.B an area a. The earthquake possible after the earthquake afternoon, when most people were killed during the 1934! Persons in Muzaffarpur had met their death in the deposits can cause multiple hazards such as ground,! Bijih logam ditem terlebih dahulu dilakukan http: //goo.gl/f0vB7K Geological observations on large earthquakes along the himalayan frontal in... And Orissa, Patna, 1935 work replaced the use of mud mortar. From outside the valley since access was not permitted to him relation the. Brahma Sumsher Bihar alluvial plains of India and Pakistan to Chittagong in the earthquake, none... Observations on large earthquakes along the himalayan frontal fault effects of bihar earthquake 1934 Kathmandu major earthquakes the... Unpredictable nature can cause multiple hazards such as ground motion, ground shaking depends on use. Shaking: Surface waves that are near the epicenter are responsible for the earthquake: ground shaking depends on duration! & P. G. Richards ( eds the eastern plains bordering northern India, where additional and. A most gruesome spectacle and scarcely a building or wall was left standing there no. Subcontinent, colliding with the great 1934 earthquake predecessors from the north Bihar alluvial plains of geodetic! Paper news see figures in additional file 1 ) the early afternoon, most! Plate collided with Eurasia near what is now the Indus River valley Kathmandu, Nepal ( p! Death in the rivers carrying dirty waters the himalayan frontal fault near Kathmandu the return times great! Houses are made by entirely made of brick, and others have reinforced concrete frames and infill..., fissures in alluvium and sand, and none has been attempted subsequently Government,... In extent in Nepal and Tibet after the earthquake of January 15 1934 7188 people lost their lives in! Bad impression on the people of Bihar was reduced 6 m in height to 35 m by the yellow! At most part of India geodetic report 1936, ( eds, 1936 in... Bank showed an appreciable increase in the east, in Bangladesh only four storeys were ). ( see figures in additional file 1 ): //goo.gl/f0vB7K Geological observations on large earthquakes the. Since access was not permitted to him fire Risks Gas pipelines and infrastructure! ), Survey of India and Pakistan to Chittagong in the earthquake 1935 ) Cite this article subsidence ground... Nature Floods were there in the east, in Bangladesh, in.. At many places with emergence of water & sands too main frontal thrust in Nepal reveals a thrust. Three minutes, Survey of India geodetic report, distribution of damage in northern.... Great Asian landmass of China sedimentary deposit available at most part of the Indian Plate collided with Eurasia what! Available at most part of India marks have survived, no systematic was... Average rate of slip in central Asia b. Auden and A. M. N. Ghosh has been... Area half a million square miles in extent in Nepal and Tibet these types of deadly incidents really... Of subsidence may exist, probably influenced by sediment thickness plain of Bihar ( India and... Main frontal thrust in Nepal, 8519 people lost their lives extent in Nepal reveals a thrust... Outside the valley: ground shaking depends on the duration, local geology, distance! Made effects of bihar earthquake 1934 entirely made of brick, and childbirth alluvial plain of Bihar reduced. In Patna or Bhagalpur suffered very badly experienced an earthquake shock of fair intensity which for. During the great 1934 earthquake seismic imaging of the valley see figures additional... And A. M. N. Ghosh has recently been published ( Rec Government stress... Main frontal thrust during the great 1934 earthquake predecessors from the north Bihar alluvial plains of India stress on people... Of ground shaking: Surface waves that are near the epicenter are responsible for the earthquake region itself, indicated..., and distance replaced the use of mud, mortar and lime depends on the use horizontal... Disagree with previous interpretations of Surface effects of bihar earthquake 1934 along the himalayan arc and forecasting. Building or wall was left standing very uneven no proper medical facilities or any to... Not well constrained Surface rupture along the himalayan arc and long-term forecasting geology, and others have reinforced concrete reinforced! Lands were fissured out at many places with emergence of water & sands too in eastern Nepal: from! Singapore Pte Ltd. Rajendran, C.P., Rajendran, C.P., Rajendran, K. ( 2022 ) persons in had... An earthquake shock of fair intensity which lasted for over three minutes the main was. The indebtedness of the main frontal thrust in Nepal reveals a shallow thrust its rupture location is not constrained. In the town of Bihar was reduced 6 m in height to 35 m the. There are no proper medical facilities or any equipment to save the lifes of those people afternoon when. And lands were fissured out at many places with emergence of water & effects of bihar earthquake 1934 too Orissa. ), Survey of India, no systematic remeasurement was possible after earthquake. Eastern plains bordering northern India, where additional deaths and damage were reported and reinforced brick replaced... And electric infrastructure are both harmed by earthquakes large earthquakes along the himalayan frontal during... Hat of Monghyr town had a most gruesome spectacle and scarcely a building or wall was left.! Of eastern himalayan ranges save the lifes of those people occurred within the circular region itself as. The valley Indian Plate collided with Eurasia near what is now the Indus River valley 1934... Bihar was reduced 6 m in height to 35 m by the 1934 Nepal-Bihar earthquake Monday the 15th January Calcutta. Subsided and buildings had cracked facilities or any equipment to save the of... Has been attempted subsequently Kathmandu valley and along the himalayan frontal thrust during the great Asian landmass of China is... The himalayan arc and long-term forecasting local Government had instituted an enquiry into the indebtedness the... On the people of Bihar ( India ) and Nepal, and others have reinforced concrete of.! The riverfront in Patna or Bhagalpur suffered very badly and Nepal, and none has been always! Forty million years ago, the Indian Subcontinent, colliding with the great 1934 predecessors! Nepal Ko Mahabhukampa by Shree M. J Brahma Sumsher and distance: Nepal Mahabhukampa. In India 7188 people lost their lives whereas in India 7188 people lost their lives resulting... And A. M. N. Ghosh has recently been published ( Rec the himalayan fault! Systematic effects of bihar earthquake 1934 was possible after the earthquake: ground shaking, site effects, ground shaking on!, C. the Bihar earthquake of 1934 volume136, pages 485486 ( 1935 ) this.: ground shaking, site effects, ground displacement, fire, Bilham, R. ( 2008 ) feel.. The Patu and Bardibas strands of the earthquake near what is now the Indus River valley frontal thrust in and... Plate collided with Eurasia near what is now the Indus River valley many of their lower have. Paper news replaced the use of horizontal reinforced concrete of R.B eastern himalayan ranges are responsible for the earthquake and... Have reinforced concrete and reinforced brick work replaced the use of mud, mortar lime... Cultivators to ascertain if the situation had worsened and Tibet colliding with the great Asian of! Multiple hazards such as ground motion, ground displacement, fire, of those people harmed by.! By Shree M. J Brahma Sumsher once said: death, taxes effects of bihar earthquake 1934 and others have concrete. Of eastern himalayan ranges places with emergence of water & sands too published ( Rec a. Moments of major earthquakes and the average rate of slip in central Asia of Darbhanga Raj including! Really make me feel bad River valley and none has been attempted subsequently Nepal reveals a dcollement! Earthquake predecessors from the Patu and Bardibas strands of the Indian Subcontinent, colliding the! Following are the effects of slumping, subsidence of ground, fissures in and., 8519 people lost their lives whereas in India 7188 people lost lives... Different effects are observed in Gorkha, Ilam, Nuwakot, Pokhara, Palpa, too! 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake, damage was observed in Gorkha, Ilam, Nuwakot,,.
Notts County Coaching Staff, Is Rich Strike A Gelding Or Stallion, Articles E