I also served aboard USS CORAL SEA (CVA43) for 2 years before joining the submarine force, which I spent 26 years in. The Pirate of the Pacific began a series of WESTPAC cruises which lasted from 1954 to 1959. The Alexander Hamilton was one of the first cutters actively engaged in convoy escort duty. Taking their mascot pirate to heart, crew members began to ransom rescued pilots for ice cream mix and other delicacies from their comrades aboard aircraft carriers so that her reputation grew as the Pirate of the Pacific. Other destroyers conducted this practice, but KIDD did so with a certain flair. NHF members are being converted to members of the Naval Institute. She continued rescue operations all the while maneuvering to avoid bombs and airborne torpedoes while simultaneously engaging the enemy. Tying up alongside the destroyer tender HAMUL (AD-20), the crew began to make temporary repairs. Allan B. Roby, the Silver Star for gallantry. Beginning in the fall of 1939, the large white-hulled cutters were assigned the outer limits of the Neutrality Zone. On the night of the 17th, the Ingham's sonar was turned off and her sonarman, Mike Sasso, was listening for screw noise with the hydrophones. Parts of her radar array were scavenged for use aboard CASSIN YOUNG (DD-793) which had also survived a suicide attack and was preparing to go back out on the line. Fred Edwards, Destroyer Type Desk, Bureau of Ships, 1942, quoted in Holland, Rear Admiral W. J., Jr., USN (Ret), ed. U-boat U-405 was swallowed by the sea that night, adding to the Atlantic's WWII seabed graveyard. From 1939 to 1945, the Allies lost roughly 3,500 merchant ships and 175 warships. Fred M. Bush assumed command of KIDD and, temporary repairs completed, she returned to San Francisco and Hunters Point Naval Shipyard for repairs. By December, at least six convoys were simultaneously in the North Atlantic, and the available escort ships were not enough to stop the U-boats' slaughter. USS The Sullivans served with . While all of this was going on, the crew of the HAMUL cast a brass plaque with the names of KIDDs thirty-eight fallen crewmen. It was an entirely different Navy! The Fletcher class destroyer is one of the most famous and most produced warships developed and built for the US navy in WW2. Construction (top) and disposition following World War II (bottom). The Coast Guard assigned numerous vessels, including six of the seven Secretary- (or Treasury-) class cuttersthe Bibb, Campbell, Duane (WPG-33), Alexander Hamilton (WPG-34), Ingham (WPG-35), and Spencer (WPG-36)to the force. On 17 December, the Ingham was on the western edge of the air gap, sweeping ahead of eastbound Convoy SC-112. Actually this provided for a good deal of camaraderie between ships in the division as we all got to know each other and trade experiences. In those days there was no bridge to bridge radio. The lowest numbered Fletcher was the USS FLETCHER (DD445), although the USS NICHOLAS (DD449) was the first ship commissioned on June 4, 1942. Of the four preserved Fletcher-class destroyers, she is the only destroyer remaining in her World War II appearance and is now on exhibit in her wartime camouflage paint, Measure 22.. Later emphasis on anti-aircraft defense led to a redesigned or square bridge for improved all-around sightlines, beginning with Brownson (DD 518). The 327s were later converted to amphibious-force flagships and served in the Pacific theater. All fittings with a black Y are closed and only opened for protection. [2] Since 1975 all new destroyer, cruiser, and frigate types have been powered by aircraft derivative gas turbine engines. Allan Roby was reassigned at this time, with Cdr. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt had died on April 12, the same day that KIDD had committed her dead to the sea. This action won her skipper at the time, Cdr. Meanwhile, medium-size Coast Guard cutters and U.S. Navy destroyers covered waters closer inshore. "The tower was a mass of twisted steel. Of the four preserved Fletcher-class destroyers, she is the only destroyer remaining in her World War II appearance and is now on exhibit in her wartime camouflage paint, Measure 22.Along with her signal flags, the Jolly Roger flies high from her mast and the image of the pirate looks out from her forward stack, greeting passers-by both on shore and aboard visiting riverboats. Along with her signal flags, the Jolly Roger flies high from her mast and the image of the pirate looks out from her forward stack, greeting passers-by both on shore and aboard visiting riverboats. Allan B. Roby, the Silver Star for gallantry. Some went on to serve during the Korean War and into the Vietnam War. An American freighter, the SS City of Flint, reached the scene the next morning, joining the Norwegian freighter Knut and the Swedish yacht Southern Cross. It was early on at this point in her career when she picked up the nickname that would become her trademark. Meanwhile, medium-size Coast Guard cutters and U.S. Navy destroyers covered waters closer inshore. KIDD departed the Far East for San Diego and an overhaul in March of 1953. Tickets for NAO TRINIDAD are available to purchase in person for $25ea. When Congressman W. Henson Moore and the citizens of Louisiana began looking for a suitable vessel to serve as a memorial to the states veterans, KIDD was ready to serve once again. Also at this time, long-awaited American destroyer escorts (DEs) and patrol frigates (PFs) appeared in significant numbers, augmenting or replacing older cutters and destroyers. In conducting our Greyhound fact check, we discovered that up to 80,000 Allied sailors, airmen, and merchant seamen were killed during the six-year-long Battle of the Atlantic, which spanned almost the entirety of WWII. Since his retirement from active naval service in 1986 he has been employed in the ship design industry where he has specialized in the development of concept designs of propulsion and powering systems, some of which have entered active service. Acting as a member of a screen as part of a carrier task group against air, surface, and subsurface attack. Yes. She then provided escort for new carriers during their shakedown cruises from Norfolk to Trinidad. Now, on the eve of impending war, the U.S. was ready to take destroyer design to the next level. Allied long-range shore-based aircraft extended their patrols as far as 600 miles, but there remained a significant gap in their coverage. Naval Institute is maintaining and preserving the former Naval Historical Foundation website so readers and former NHF members can still access past issues of Pull Together and other content. Built at Federal Shipbuilding & Dry-dock Company of Kearny, New Jersey, KIDD was one of four destroyers [USS BULLARD (DD-660), USS THORN (DD-647), and USS TURNER (DD-648)] launched on February 28, 1943 in a record-breaking fourteen minutes. Commander Harold S. Berdine, the cutter's commanding officer, ordered a barrage of 11 depth charges set to explode at only 50 to 100 feet. The deck divisions would man the line handling stations with the First Lieutenant and Chief Boatswains Mate on the Forecastle and the Gunnery Officer in charge on the fantail. Losing the supply lines was a constant worry for the Allies. On July 03, 1997, KIDDs torpedo tubes were reloaded for the first time since 1964, finishing out her full armament. Restored to her August, 1945 configuration, KIDD is one of the most authentic and accurate restorations in the Historic Fleet. She was first launched in 1943 and went in and out of commission during the Korean War and the Cold War. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. 6. A second 36 searchlight was obtained from a private estate in 1985. The Fletcher class destroyers had a wartime complement of 329 personnel. 1 (Washington, DC, 1949). She whispers stories of courage, bravery, and sacrifice. She and the other ships of her squadron were among the first to encounter the Japanese planes which came out to meet the great armada threatening Japans shores. All Rules of the Road situations were handled by whistle signals. As a torpedoed merchant ship goes down in February 1943, the U.S. Coast Guard cutter Spencer searches for the attacking U-boat. KIDD was decommissioned for the last time on June 19, 1964, after over twenty years of service. Yes. She then provided escort for new carriers during their shakedown cruises from Norfolk to Trinidad. Suddenly, at 2315, Sasso heard the screw beats of a U-boat only 1,200 yards ahead. From tax deductible donations to your time and skills, there are many ways you can contribute! Beginning in December 1943, all other DesRon 51 ships began making their way to the Pacific, some in time for the Marshall Islands operation, continuing in various combinations through the Marianas operation, where Haraden was damaged in a bomb attack, and Palau. The Fletcher class was a class of destroyers built by the United States during World War II. During his 30 year naval career he held two ship commands and served a total of 8 years on naval material inspection boards, during which he conducted trials and inspections aboard over 200 naval vessels. Not long afterward, KIDD saw action at Tarawa during the Gilbert Island invasion in November of 1943. All watertight doors and hatches are closed to provide maximum subdivision. Robert E. Jeffery, KIDD sailed for the western Pacific arriving at Yokosuka, Japan, in July. Under the command of Cdr. The Bibb, Duane, and Ingham were also still operating from Iceland. The cycle would start at the end of a shipyard overhaul, in our case at the Long Beach Naval Shipyard. Another unique distinction about KIDDs first voyage was the make-up of her crew. She provided escort for the carrier task force which launched air raids on Wake Island in October of 1943 and then again, in November, for the carriers ESSEX (CV-9), BUNKER HILL (CV-17), and INDEPENDENCE (CV-22) in strikes against Rabaul and Bougainville. They used USS Kidd, a real WWII destroyer, to film the journey of Greyhound. Thus there were two groups of 2,100-tonners: one-third (58) were high- or round-bridge ships; two-thirds, (117) were low- or square-bridge ships. Still, 80 percent of Allied convoys completed the journey safely. Technical information All ships of the Fletcher class See all Destroyer classes. At her launch 29 October, she was sponsored by Mrs. Marguerite Chevalier, wife of LCdr. No. ; The Navy, page 115, 2000, Naval Historical Foundation, Washington. The Fletcher class including The Sullivans are regarded as the backbone of the navy and know to be the best destroyer in the world. Copyright 2011-2022 Naval Historical Foundation. Previous. Shortly thereafter, at 1313, a torpedo fired by U-132 ripped into the cutter's starboard side, exploding between the boiler and engine rooms and rupturing steam pipes. At 1955 her radar picked up the convoy about 16,000 yards ahead. DD 522 : Diary of a destroyer Surels, Ron Books dealing with this subject include: 200,000 Miles Aboard the Destroyer Cotten, Robinson, C. Snelling, 1999 NHF has decommissioned and is no longer accepting new members or donations. Of the 1,103 passengers on board, 118 men, women, and childrenincluding 28 Americanswere killed. Arnold Hague, The Allied Convoy System 1939-1945 (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2000). I am a retired Navy Chief. At that time, there was still an uneasy tradition that having a woman aboard a naval ship was to invite bad luck. Slow but reliable, the Coast Guard's Secretary-class cutters were the backbone of the United States' North Atlantic escort force during World War II. Regardless of who it was, it was very important for him to announce I have the Conn so that all bridge personnel would know who to take their orders from. Following anti-submarine warfare exercises off of Okinawa, KIDD and her division mates provided escourt for BADOENG STRAIT (CVE-116) en route to Yokosuka, Japan. The next step depended on how we were moored. With no injuries to the crew, the damage was repaired and the ship was underway again on May 11, 1953. By any standard, that was an impressive display of warship mass production. This would be followed by Now Set Material Condition Yoke Throughout the Ship followed by The Officer of the Deck is Shifting his Watch from the Quarterdeck to the Bridge. The character's first name was changed for the movie. Once the first burner was lit, subsequent burners could be lit from the adjacent burner. The class was designed in 1939, as a result of dissatisfaction with the earlier destroyer leader types of the Porter and Somers classes. Sign up to get updates about new releases and event invitations. The Fletcher design permitted significant increases over preceding classes in hull, armament, machinery, ammunition, stores and fuel bunkerage. The movie's fictional incident is based on an event that unfolds in The Good Shepherd book from which the film was adapted. After the yard period there would be a stint at the Fleet Training Group in San Diego (Guantanemo for East Coast Ships) for refresher training followed by a work up for deployment to the Far East (WESTPAC). Twelve members of the U-boat's 47-man crew were rescued by the Campbell and Burza. Is this Fire Controlman? The goal was to have two boilers on line, one in each fire room, and have both engines ready for operation with the plant split (2 independent plant configuration) prior to setting what is referred to as the Special Sea Detail. . She was my first, and my favorite ship. Ports of call included Midway; Yokosuka and Saesbo, Japan; Okinawa; Hong Kong; New Guinea; New Zealand; and Sydney, Australia. On July 03, 1997, KIDDs torpedo tubes were reloaded for the first time since 1964, finishing out her full armament. At 1138, U-175 popped up 2,500 yards from the Spencer, and the cutter's gunners opened fire. She rests in a unique docking system designed for the near forty foot rise and fall of the river each season. If you have questions, please contact the Naval Institute via email at member@usni.org or by phone at 800-233-8764. Jurgen Rohwer and Gerhard Hummelchen, The Chronology of the War at Sea, 1939-1945, rev. Being 376 feet, 6 inches, in length meant that they could carry five five-inch dual-purpose guns, ten torpedoes, depth charges and antiaircraft guns. Ships' logs, war diaries, and after-action reports for the Coast Guard cutters: USS Bibb, Campbell, Duane, Alexander Hamilton, Ingham, and Spencer; National Archives and Records Administration, College Park, MD (hereinafter cited as NARA). In my previous two articles (read Part 1 here, read Part 2 here) I gave technical and manning overviews of the U.S. Navys highly successful Fletcher class destroyer. The entire process of raising steam was started by making up a burner, igniting the torch with a match, inserting it into the furnace, and opening the fuel valve. Along with the Duane, the Spencer rescued 41 of U-175's 54-man crew. The Coast Guard, however, maintains that the cutter's attacks two days later destroyed the same U-boat. The date was Wednesday, April 11, 1945. She screened the amphibious operations, serving as a fire-support ship during the landings on Leyte. David W. Taylor returned to join them in time for Okinawa, after which she and John D. Henley closed out the war with the Third Fleet off Japan while the other surviving ships of the squadron returned home. During World War II, the Atlantic Coast destroyers would probably be at battle stations with Material Condition Zebra set by the time that they cleared the submarine net. Instead, she struck a glancing blow and the U-boat's hydroplane opened a large gash in the Campbell's hull. She returned to bombardment duty and rescuing downed pilots. While the movie finds Tom Hanks' Commander Ernest Krause and the convoy caught up in the Battle of the Atlantic over a five-day period in the latter part of 1942, the battle actually spanned almost the entirety of the war, beginning on September 3, 1939 and ending on May 8, 1945. My dad (Richmond Thomas (RT) Ezzell) was on the TAYLOR DD468 during WWII .Saw at the foot of his grave today another marker with his name, ship, and I suppose rating FC. Less than six weeks after the transfer, the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor and the United States formally entered World War II. A Pacific Fleet destroyer operated on a two year cycle in those days. While this rarely happened, such destroyer-vs-submarine duels did take place on one or two real-life occasions. She was still very much in appearance as she had been when the Japanese had surrendered on September 02, 1945. Anne Randle was the first member of the WAVES (Women Accepted for Voluntary Emergency Service) to be assigned to the Office of Shipbuilding in New York City. At the time scheduled in the plan of the day, the boatswains pipe would whistle and the word would be passed Now set the Special Sea and Anchor Detail. Only one plane drew close enough to drop a bomb: it missed, detonating about twenty feet off the starboard bow. Posted on 26 Feb in greenshield pharmacy intervention codes 0 Likes All rights reserved. These conditions are established by closing the appropriate fittings such as valves, hatches, and watertight doors. On 21 February, the Campbell was on her way to rejoin Convoy ON-166 after rescuing 50 survivors of the torpedoed Norwegian freighter Nielson Alonso. There wouldn't have been enough men, food, weapons, or resources to make weapons. About once per quarter we would be assigned an availability alongside a Destroyer Tender for routine repairs. The valuable wartime contributions of the Bibb, Campbell, Duane, Ingham, and Spencer, however, did not end when they were relieved of North Atlantic convoy duty. For a secure moor, the lines were Doubled Up. The first ship to moor had to place a boat in the water which carried the mooring party. The raids that developed that day werent out of the ordinary, in spite of the fact that three approaching formations of enemy aircraft were reported. A sister ship of the Fletcher-class, USS CAPERTON (DD-650), provided the quintuple Mk-14 21-inch torpedo tubes that were missing, as well as a Mk-27 torpedo director, two Mk-63 gun directors, and her boat boom. ed. In 1984, the Dutch fleet oiler ZUIDERKRUIS arrived in Baton Rouge on a port visit and transferred to KIDD two twin 20mm gun mounts, two Mk-16 K-gun depth charge projectors, and twelve 20mm magazine drums. Meanwhile, the Navy continued looking ahead. In addition, the Coast Guard ships' commissioning pennants were replaced with the Navy flags. Mrs. Inez Kidd, widow of RADM Kidd, served as the ships sponsor, christening her and presenting her crew with a handsome wardroom guest book in which she wrote: May the destiny of the USS KIDD be glorious! The division returned to Korean waters in September of 1952 and the following month, KIDD participated in a mock invasion near Kojo, diverting the enemys attention. Allan B. Roby, the destroyer moved across New York Harbor for delivery to the Brooklyn Naval Shipyards . Both pilots were recovered and three enemy planes were shot down, with one more kill probable and hits scored on several of the remaining aircraft. . I made six month WESTPAC deployments in 1957 and 1958. By 1971, all ships remaining in the US Navy had decommissioned but not until 2001 was Mexicos Cuitlhuac, the former John Rodgers and the last active Fletcher, retired. One of the main reasons the filmmakers chose to shoot on the historic battleship is because the Kidd is the only surviving WWII destroyer still in her wartime configuration.If you listen closely during the movie, one of the sailors on the ship refers to a buddy he knows who was on the Kidd. During this time, KIDD was credited with having rescued a total of 35 carrier personnel. In the traditional system of naming destroyers after Naval heroes, she was named after Rear Admiral Isaac Campbell Kidd, Sr. who was killed aboard his flagship, USS ARIZONA (BB-39) during the surprise attack by the Japanese on the American fleet anchored at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. The nine ships came from three yards as follows: After the Coast Guard commissioned them in 1936 and '37, one of their main prewar roles had been high-seas search and rescue, and at one time each housed a floatplane in a main-deck hangar. During the attack on Rabaul, KIDD stopped to pick up the crew of a downed plane from the ESSEX, falling behind the main force of the fleet, and came under attack from a group of eight Japanese dive bombers. But with these exceptions, the basic procedures for getting a destroyer underway have not changed a great deal from what I have described. There were also fueling stops at Midway and sometimes Guam. In 1941, as U-boat attacks on British and Canadian convoys in the central Atlantic increased, the United States was drawn into a more active role in the conflict. Her single-pole mast was still in place, though her own post-war damage control plans showed her with a tripod mast. While it's a nice nod to the ship the movie was filmed on, in real life, the USS Kidd wasn't launched until late February 1943, several months after the events in the movie take place. did fletcher class destroyers serve in the atlantic? Commander James A. Hirschfield, the cutter's skipper, believed the target might be a submarine that had run between ON-166's columns of merchant ships, firing torpedoes at the vessels, and was now making her escape on the surface. I much preferred WESTPAC! Eventually, eleven shipyards launched 175 ships over the next 32 monthsthe most numerous class of destroyer completed by any navy. in 1951 during the Korean War. The USS Kidd has been docked in Baton Rouge, Louisiana for years, where it has served as a tourist attraction. has slowly been restored back to her August 1945 configuration. The Sullivans played a large role in World War II and the . A. Randle, omitting any mention of her gender. The freighters bow sliced nearly halfway through the destroyers hull at the deck line, leaving a 15-ft. v-shaped hole that extended three feet below the waterline and flooding the sonar compartment. Each compartment has been treated as a display case into which innumerable artifacts have been collected and arranged just as they would have been when sailors lived and worked on board. Starting on April 24, 1962, KIDD was assigned to the Naval Destroyer School at Newport, Rhode Island. References: Bauer and Roberts, Friedman, Raven, Hearn. With carrier-based aircraft pounding the Japanese installations on the island, KIDD moved off to investigate a submarine contact miles away from the formation. Lieutenant Bruns was one of the first killed as the U-boat crew began climbing out of the sub and attempted to abandon ship. The strategy that the Allies used was to send a group of merchant ships across the Atlantic in a convoy that was escorted by a group of warships, and, when feasible, aircraft. Deployments to the Far East could be pretty tedious and they involved long periods at sea, as much as a month at a time. But after a postwar examination of German records, the Navy and British Admiralty credited the Ingham's single 15 December depth charge with sinking U-626. The lone suicide bomber crashed into her forward boiler room killing everyone inside. While at the buoys we were provided with services with some harbor craft which were referred to as fuel, water, and garbage barges operated by the Naval District. Again, the terms is and was are used interchangeably in this article. KIDDs 20mm and 40mm gunners took the plane under fire, scoring several hits, to no avail. Design for the class was not finalized until January 1940, but by the end of that year more than 100 ships had been Non-subscribers can read five free Naval History articles per month. While in restricted waters, naval vessels have a navigation detail set and the ships position was regularly determined by taking visual bearings on objects ashore, supplemented by radar ranges and fathometer readings. After two deployments, it was back to the shipyard again. Restored to her August, 1945 configuration, KIDD is one of the most authentic and accurate restorations in the Historic Fleet. With these symbolic changes, the Navy subsumed the Coast Guard for the duration of the war. Upon reaching Ulithi, another devastating blow to morale was waiting for them. All five 5/38-cal. did fletcher class destroyers serve in the atlantic? US Navy image 19-N-31790. Their detonations practically lifted the U-boat out of the water and badly shook the cutter, which was rapidly losing speed. She saw her first duty covering the North Atlantic sea lanes near Argentia, Newfoundland. Together, these classes dominated the US Navys destroyer force over the next 25 years. ed. The 2,050-ton Fletcher -Class destroyer was considered one of the best destroyers of the period. Up until the 1960s, most naval home ports did not provide much in the line of pier space and in San Diego, we usually moored to a mooring buoy in the harbor. . years the big cutters would play a key role in the United States' efforts to patrol the Atlantic Ocean, escort convoys, and sink U-boats. 'S 54-man crew ) and disposition following World War II available to purchase in person for $ 25ea Louisiana years. Served as a fire-support ship during the landings on Leyte suddenly, at 2315 Sasso. Leader types of the water which carried the mooring party the appropriate fittings such as valves, hatches and. Delano Roosevelt had died on April 12, the Japanese installations on Island... 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