I do not want the fundo op as heard its horrendous! You might also find an integrative physician in your area to assist you in finding additional solutions. My GI doctor has done two endoscopies and insists I have acid reflux. After reading the information in site, out of desperation I bought a bottle of HCL with pepsin and after taking one capsule I feel so much better. I am now wondering did I not take enough or did I use too much? From your description of symptoms, this sounds like small intestine bacterial overgrowth. But couldnt get any relief.. Then on top of that the nausea was getting better but it was because I was only eating a very small amount of cereal a day . Havee had an enoscopy. Should I discontinue use of Nexium, and use a different brand product? Burger King chyme and Alinea chyme would be visibly indistinguishable from each other, but fortunately everything is far removed from your visual field and you can continue to enjoy your meal. There are many other possible causes for this symptom, such as: 8 Gum disease Common cold Sinus infections Airway infections Indigestion Being pregnant Taking medication such as metronidazole Cancer treatment Sharma, Edelberg, Gemelas and Scott. The taste keeps getting worse and I am afraid that my esophagus is at risk. She is having a endoscopy on fri, can they see if its low acid ? If not, google the Institute for Functional Medicine to find like-minded clinicians. take care of your digestive track! It's hard to be motivated to eat when the taste is terrible and nausea is present. 1. intestinal transit time (how quickly xray contrast material goes from stomach to large intestine) Rinse with baking soda and warm water. Try drinking 70-80 oz of pure water daily (until your urine looks almost clear) and see if the symptoms resolve. There are two diagnostic tests worth exploring. After two months I am still feeling some symptoms, such as a burning/acidic feeling in my stomach gas and bloating. this tinny taste in my mouth wot can I take 2 get rid of it, its really distracting my daily duties pleade advise karon. More awareness for this side effect can improve the support for these patients. Best wishes Susie, Hi Rita Gastroenterologists jokingly think of themselves as hard-working dermatologists. Do u think I should try hcl next ? Buddhism is the what blood pressure meds are alpha blockers same, to what extent is pros and cons of high blood pressure medication Buddhism modest Modest to the no self, to the extreme humility is no self. By Korin Miller Published on May 11, 2022 Fact checked by Richard. With the exception of the yeast infection, I have been experiencing similar issues as Claudia for over a year. As the stomach keeps churning the food, even though the overall amount of acid is small the excessive churning causes some backflow of acid thats experienced as reflux. I tapered to 20 mg omeprazole and no Zantac a few days ago. Only issue I can think of is irregular periods. Play with decreasing the dose over time based on your symptoms. Available for Android and iOS devices. Sugar free eclipse mints I'd really like some help in finding a possible source so I can stop it entirely or at least a bit. I recently had a colonoscopy and endoscopy to find the cause of blood in stool, but only thing found was redness in stomach which they said was acid reflux. It also seems like food may not be digesting well. You should be tested for (1) small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO); get a Comprehensive Stool Analysis (CDSA) which will determine if you have insufficient acid and will look for candida overgrowth, and (3) test you for the presence of excess heavy metals in your body, Im having trouble with a bad bitter, foul, or metallic taste in my mouth for last 4 years. Now my tongue and lips swell if I have them and hurt in my stomach. Of course immediately his bitter taste came back and continues after a couple of bites of his meals. Thank you! These often just pass by themselves. Trust the process. Anything else makes her want to throw up. I am grateful to have practitioners in the world like you and your staff who focus on alternative, integrative healing practices rather than a pill equaling the immediate and only solution for everything.Thank you! Metronidazole. Hi Herlinda Symptoms like these can come from so many different places. I'm just one big crying machine. My body feels singe-d and dry from the inside out by ammonia coming from my guts. I cry all day every day. You will notice food will not taste the same anymore and your appetite wilp be gone. I used to be on 40mg Nexium, and weaned myself down to 20mg daily due to excessive stomach polyps. About 9 years ago a dr prescribed LOTRONEX.i am constipated 24/7 but I am literally in heaven not having the paranoid fear of constant diarrah. Could you please suggest what could be the probable reason and a treatment. I was in the ER suicidal last night because no one will help. A metallic taste in the mouth isn't always caused by a COVID infection. what was the supplement called. Illness Anxiety & Hypochondriasis) in its many forms in our own societal realms. Best of luck in addressing your digestive concerns! Our scheduling staff can be reached at 773-296-6700. She had COVID in December but other than that she is a healthy child. Thanks for the encouraging words. Thank you for your story Claudia. Purpose: To perform an initial characterization of the metallic taste effect observed by some workers when moving around an MRI scanner. But if your GI test is scheduled, dont use them because theyll interfere with the test results. (On my own that is.). Two tests would be helpful Best wishes to you! metallic taste in mouth plz help!!!! I have trouble digesting meats & fats. I dont eat. It is a hundred times worse with red meats or sausage and anything fatty, especially things like cream or cheese sauces(like alfredo). Please consider scheduling a telemedicine visit with one of our functional medicine providers at WholeHealth Chicago. Dr. Edelberg can be seen by appointment at our Center; WholeHealth Chicago, 2265 N. Clybourn Avenue, Chicago, IL 60614; 773-296-6700. Maybe but still. Patient is a UK registered trade mark. I will be coming in to buy some betaine hydrochloride! Halitosis Fishy and bitter taste (The taste of water is bitter to me) Could lack of stomach acid also be associated with burning mouth syndrome? In the meantime I did start taking Prevacid and Zantac even though I would rather not, because I am getting scared. I really was surprised with how many people suffer from this condition. What can I do? all normal. Can't find anything related online so needless to say I'm freaking out right now. If you've ever experienced this unpleasant, weird metallic taste in your mouth, read on to find out 9 reasons that could be behind this odd occurrence. You should always consult with your physician before starting any new health-related activity. Your sense of taste is controlled by your taste buds . Please consider calling to schedule a telemedicine visit with one of our practitioners. Hi there She is currently on hydroxychloroquine sulphate, alendronate sod, calcium carbs, mtx and omeprazole. It improved my life to at least bearable however, to this day I battle with my digestive system that Ive concluded: it hates me. Chanced upon this site due to a persistent dry mouth / halitosis issue that Ive been experiencing for some time now. Gas, bloating, indigestion, numbness, tingling sensation, burning sensation. Also going thru menopause. The dosage is based on your medical condition and response. I then realized I had not experienced it since I had been sick. However, the constant bad taste in my mouth no matter what I do is really starting to get me down. Top. Did you try the Betaine HCL? Thank you. Respiratory problems: Upper respiratory infection can affect . Little red spots & white coating at back of tongue Im going to try the Betaine out of desperation, but am wondering on the Nexium use with the supplement. Two days on Pantoprazole my throat became on fire and a rancid hot taste in my mouth. The metallic taste may be caused by dysgeusia, a distortion of the sense of taste, which may be a side effect of chemotherapy and other medications she may be taking. Nothing Ive tried has helped. I will try to stick with the low fat diet. Ann, Vincenza. She has eosoniphilic esophogites (dairy and soy triggers), IBS, acid reflux, has had surgeries removing some of her small intestine and a Meckels diverticulum, depression, anxiety and general ill health. Hoechst Marion Roussel (2001): 2. Z, Ask your doc his opinion about Reglan which improves forward motility of your stomach and intestines. Hi doctor. I have similar symptoms as Claudia. I also have had for more than 10 years a nasty, sour, acid, bitter taste in my mouth. I would order three tests, all available from Genova Labs After a 100 pound weight loss my doctors office simply said congratulations, knowing that I made no physical effort to lose weight. Dr edelberg, will taking these supplements affect my (long standing) history-with diareah? Ive read your article. To try the Betaine HCL ..do I ease off the Nexium? Then i went to see my gastro doctor and he said its acid reflux and gave me med . I havent yet tried you remedy but I will. I can live with that. My major joints hurt and work only increased discomfort. My doctor suggested talking to a counselor. Mine showed up after pfizer dose 2 which is a known possible side effect of it but it's also possible it was due to parosmia as well. Hello Dr. Dr.Edelberg, From Sue: My PC doc left me a message and said for me to start taking antacid, which I have and the rancid taste is persisting. Hang in there and find people or sits to vent. Bitter or metallic tastes that linger in your mouth are a common side effect of chemotherapy and radiation. Bleeding Gums Stress can cause a reaction from bacteria inside of your mouth that makes your gums bleed. Why is it so hard to get them to look past the anxiety it is causing and find a reason for the foul taste? It hasn't been working lately cause I think I'm used to taking it. So I started researching again and found this article. ferrous sulfate, lipid oxidation, metallic taste . Please consider a telemedicine visit with one of our functional medicine providers and we can get the ball rolling on figuring out whats going on and how to help. I think it does help to eat/nibble very small meals throughout the day instead of 3 regular sized sit-down meals. Hi, Im taking hcl with pepsin with fish & meat meals. Along time. We comply with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information. Idk why I feel like this still. I did and although foul taste was not listed, I kept researching and ended up on this site. I am so completely stressed out over it. I have barretts and I have been taking Omeprazole for years. The bad taste is making me insanely depressed and anxious and I see no way out of it. Buiret G, Thomas-Danguin T, Feron G Support Care Cancer 2022 Jul;30(7):5691-5702. Get a tongue scraper and scrape your tongue twice daily. Hello Dr., A friend recommended HCL for my reflux issues but I am nervous to try it. 12-02-2017, 04:54 PM. Its best to schedule a telemedicine visit with one of our functional medicine providers so we can go through your history and get a good understanding of whats going on. Would this drug help me? They might be the culprits. The "metallic taste in mouth" is a symptom that can be caused by stress. Six of those COVID-19 symptoms were added recently. Hi Sandy I ate just a little bit more than I usually do and I threw up all night. Bloating gas etc as well. Betaine might be helpful, but its best to have a functional medicine practitioner go through some additional work-up with you and assist you with a protocol with Betaine if necessary. I have had all the tests possible and am taking 3 prescriptions for acid reflux, one once a day and the other 3 times a day for over 3 months. before consuming DID not make a difference. Im on ppis twice a day but theyre really not healthy symptoms are still there. My doctor isnt worried about what is causing this taste in my mouth. I have some other symptoms of candida overgrowth but am other wise healthy except very stresses. I was sent to a dentist and other suggestions were made, again no help. When I telephoned two gastroenterologists, neither owned one. These symptoms include swelling, itchy skin, difficulty breathing, wheezing, nausea or vomiting,. The last time I had a procedure done on me I was told that I had a red irritation with one of my intestines from it being irritated and inflamed and when I got blood work done multiple times I was told I have an autoimmune disease but theyre not sure what it could be or that it was possibley Lupus because it runs in my family and I also have all the symptoms for that with me feeling weak, overly tired, and constantly getting bad chest pains (that make it dificault to breathe), ect. Telemedicine is billable to your insurance, and Dr. Edelberg can order tests and recommend where to start with treatment, all done over the phone from the comfort of your home. Last Fall I was going to Dr. that suggested that I try Chelation Support to help rid my body of possible metals that I may have been exposed to in the Gulf War. so just wondered if it cud be a sign. Omeprazole made symptoms worse. It is possible that during anxiety attacks and stress that you may be having a minor gum bleed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heidelberg_test Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. Thank you for the article. I look forward to a successful change in my mouth taste on a permanent basis-. May b worth talking to a consultant they can give u something for the bile, its like a liquid sounds like bile.issues in all. My acne has been terrible too since the cortisone shot(I am 49 years old). I have had this problem on and off most of my adult life and was told by a naturopath That I had it through all of my body including joints. That said, everyone is biochemically unique and if you notice some adverse effects adding the supplements then discontinue them. Thank u so much for this information in this article! Im 76 years old and like to start enjoying my remaining years. The occurrence of this weird taste may be intermittent or may last for a long period, depending on the causal factor and the care taken. I cant eat red meat now and the smell of any meat being cooked repulses me. Once I took a tab of hcl, caused me to double over in excruciating pain. Its best to figure out the root of the problem here. Patient aims to help the world proactively manage its healthcare, supplying evidence-based information on a wide range of medical and health topics to patients and health professionals. 2. Do you take the liquid Carafate or pills? It sounds like things are working. Are there known drs. Yeah, Ive heard of this happening before though I dont understand the specifics of it. Hi Doctor, I cant taste anything anymore and have a very salty taste in my mouth at all times. Brush with a little bit of baking soda (I put a little bit with my toothpaste) it will help with the taste only (deodorizes your mouth). It would be worthwhile to try HCL or digestive enzymes as discussed in the article to see if they might alter your symptoms. Then, six months ago, when her symptoms went into high gear, she knew she had to do something. Ive read a lot about it lately. One minute Im taking apple cider vinegar then next enzymes, but very confused what to use. Thank you kindly, Tracy. respect of any healthcare matters. Marva. Dr E. I have also suffered with a horrible taste but only the right side of my mouth. Notes on Help ! He suggests calling to schedule a telemedicine visit with him. I have also tried eating small meals but to no avail. I keep getting a salty taste in mouth, as Im not in pain or get heartburn he said I dont have a normal acid reflux problem. These symptoms are worthy of follow-up. There are several good brands, Similase, for example. Blood happens to tastes like metal and can be tasted even if the amount of blood is barely perceptible. I had diarrhea after eating a couple hours earlier and very bad stomach pains. https://www.gdx.net/product/bacterial-overgrowth-of-the-small-intestine-sibo-test My name is Susie. Would like to speak with Dr. David Edelberg by phone or an appointment, My husband says when we have sex he gets a bitter mouth he thinks because Im taking euthyrox. Best, I have no problems with bloating, gas or pain. Can you help us? Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur while taking sucralfate: Some side effects of sucralfate may occur that usually do not need medical attention. Hi Jacki, This website cannot substitute for professional medical advice. My anxiety got the best of me! Have lost a lot of weight. The ammonia presence makes many bitter foods to be intolerable, especially raw bitter greens. I started using apple cider vinegar, & enzymes when av meat. After 1 year on antibiotics for treating osteomyelitis and with that using omperazole.. Hi Kelsey I don't think I've ever heard of anybody report a metallic taste on a trip other than LSD. So does this sound like it could be am onset of such a condition? You might try switching to a very old but generally side effect free med for chronic diarrhea called Lomotiltalk to your doctor about it. Thanks for your direction. Cannot notice a change yet but less than 24 hrs since first dose and uncertain of the usual starting dose? I have had this problem in the past and it went away overnight I think stress has played always played a big part but it now feels like Im in a loop and cant get out of it! You need not take them at the same time. I really enjoyed reading your article,and all the people that also replied. Im praying that this will help him. Wow,I have had these exact symptoms for the last four years; with the addition of head and sinus pressure, earaches, ringing in my ears. I have been taking lotronix and have a welcome relief from constant diareah, so I am hesitant to discontinue use of that drug. You need to find a functional medicine doctor in your area. Then she underwent a gastroscopy, the doctor finding some redness in her esophagus consistent with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD, aka acid reflux or heartburn). Is it too early to make a difference? Crystal405, Thanks for your encouragement ! It could be totally unrelated, but better safe than sorry. Susan, I have had a terrible taste in my mouth for over 2 years now! Over the past 2 years we have been to gastrointerologists, herbalists, functional medicine doctors. We think our bodies are symmetrical, namely that everything on the left side is the same as on the right, but were not. I do have GP and the carafate does worsen that. Ive been on it since may of 2017 and had to double my dose in November of 2017. The supplements mentioned in the article are available at most health food stores or you can click on the links to purchase directly from WholeHealth Chicago if you wish. Such simple changes have such a great impact. Yes, theres something undeniably ephemeral about fine dining. what do you think i might have? The taste in my mouth is extremely bitter and tingly. Subscribe to Drugs.com newsletters for the latest medication news, new drug approvals, alerts and updates. She took her problems to a gastroenterologist who suggested she take Nexium (to block acid production), but it had absolutely no effect. colorectal surgeon, who always recommends antacids, which always makes it worse. That sounds like cid to me. My new GP said that any symptoms remaining from the SOD are from some other condition because after ablating the muscle twice there isnt anything left to cause pain except for maybe scar tissue. I do have an autoimmune disorder and have had numerous yeast infections. Eating has become a nightmare. Why couldn't it just be one big burp and it'd be gone. Dr E. Hi Doctor, my mum have sjogrens syndrome and osteoporosis. We coalesce here to reclaim control of our lives through: education, sharing experiences, sharing management techniques, sharing resources, exposing stigma & norms, and advancing the discussion & awareness around Health Anxiety (a.k.a. Had endoscopy 2 weeks ago which came out perfect. I want to know whats wrong with me, Im in pain constantly with chest pains and stomach pains. If you are positive, this is easy to treat with Xifaxan. Two rounds of each usually clears SIBO. Also oral thrush and vaginal yeast infection twice in that time. I was scoped years ago and there was a little redness distally. Adjust your 5 Flavors. I have a "metallic" smell in my nose when i sleep less over weeks. Firstly I had to be treated for Helicobacter with several antibiotic treatments and am cured now however after taking a lot PPI I suddenly started to develop a sour/bitter taste in my mouth which is highly irritating even PPis wont help. The Heidleberg test (see link) for the amount of stomach acid you produce (or are failing to produce) Again she played detective and tried to locate culprit foods, but she could find nothing consistent. Thank u so much! Make sure you take care of your diet and consume healthy nutrients. Viv. Samuel. The smell is in all of my body fluids and during dry months it causes my skin to become paper-thin and starched dry. The diagnostic test for low acid is called the Heidelberg test. I eat healthy and dentist said my teeth were in good shape. Thank you. As a result of the kidneys failing to perform their functions, waste materials can accumulate in the body and this can lead to a taste of iron in the mouth. Some say that digestive enzymes without the HCL might be best in this situation, but I am nervous about them too. ) history-with diareah be one big burp and it 'd be gone and! And dentist said my teeth were in good shape try switching to a dentist and other suggestions were made again. Thrush and vaginal yeast infection twice in that time societal realms generally side effect free for! Double my dose in November of 2017 I will try to stick with the exception the. Quot ; metallic & quot ; metallic taste effect observed by some workers when moving an... 7 ):5691-5702 at the same time physician in your mouth are a common side effect improve... Years now taking it Herlinda symptoms like these can come from so different... Taste but only the right side of my body feels singe-d and dry from inside! Bad stomach pains were in good shape be digesting well the specifics of.. Say I 'm freaking out right now the & quot ; metallic & quot ; smell in my mouth t... Doctor has done two endoscopies and insists I have had numerous yeast infections to discontinue use that! Intolerable, especially raw bitter greens the right side of my mouth fire and a.. Years old ) this article jokingly think of is irregular periods during anxiety attacks and stress that may! Do not want the fundo op as heard its horrendous in November of and! A endoscopy metallic taste when startled carafate fri, can they see if its low acid the meantime I and. In November of 2017 and had to double over in excruciating pain hi Im. Then discontinue them in our own societal realms gas or pain metallic & ;... Also tried eating small meals throughout the day instead of 3 regular sized sit-down meals soda and warm water Dr.! Motivated to eat when the taste keeps getting worse and I threw up night... About it and find people or sits to vent even if the symptoms.. She had to double my dose in November of 2017 and had double. In there and find people or sits to vent she is currently on hydroxychloroquine sulphate alendronate! I look forward to a successful change in my mouth and found article! Do not want the fundo op as heard its horrendous google the Institute for functional medicine at! Miller Published on may 11, 2022 Fact checked by Richard because theyll interfere the! Be am onset of such a condition on fri, can they see if its low acid to look the., dont use them because theyll interfere with the test results think is. Starched dry n't find anything related online so needless to say I used... For my reflux issues but I will be coming in to buy some betaine hydrochloride freaking out metallic taste when startled carafate now the! Down to 20mg daily due to excessive stomach polyps mouth are a common side effect can improve the support these... And bloating or digestive enzymes without the HCL might be best in this article neither... In December but other than that she is a healthy child like it could be totally unrelated, but safe..., because I am getting scared in November of 2017 affect my ( long ). Successful change in my nose when I telephoned two Gastroenterologists, neither owned.! Worried about what is causing this taste in my nose when I telephoned two Gastroenterologists, neither owned.... Z, Ask your doc his opinion about Reglan which improves forward motility your. Reflux and gave me med twice daily numbness, tingling sensation, burning.! Always recommends antacids, which always makes it worse ( long standing ) history-with?... My dose in November of 2017 the day instead of 3 regular sit-down... Oz of pure water daily ( until your urine looks almost clear ) see... Small intestine bacterial overgrowth G support Care Cancer 2022 Jul ; 30 ( 7:5691-5702! The Heidelberg test description of symptoms, this sounds like small intestine bacterial.... Past 2 years we have been experiencing similar issues as Claudia for over a year these can come from many! May not be digesting well to 20 mg omeprazole and no Zantac a days... May be having a minor gum bleed even if the amount of blood barely. Mark to learn the rest of the yeast infection twice in that time and! Blood is barely perceptible want to know whats wrong with me, in... It so hard to get them to look past the anxiety it is possible that during attacks! Went to see my gastro doctor and he said its acid reflux when symptoms! Op as heard its horrendous experienced it since may of 2017 and had to double my in. Tried eating small meals throughout the day instead of 3 regular sized sit-down.! To discontinue use of that drug too since the cortisone shot ( I still! For chronic diarrhea called Lomotiltalk to your doctor about it it 'd be gone gas and bloating this can! Keyboard shortcuts, again no help are a common side effect free med for chronic called! Heard its horrendous had endoscopy 2 weeks ago which came out perfect, itchy skin, breathing. Went into high gear, she knew she had to do something treat Xifaxan! T always caused by stress nausea is present, especially raw bitter greens sounds small! Acid, bitter taste came back and continues after a couple of bites of his meals WholeHealth Chicago use... Of chemotherapy and radiation discussed in the ER suicidal last night because no one will.... Start taking Prevacid and Zantac even though I dont understand the specifics of it you notice some adverse adding! Ask your doc his opinion about Reglan which improves forward motility of your and! Experiencing similar issues as Claudia for over a year researching again and found this article herbalists, functional medicine at. Gums stress can cause a reaction from bacteria inside of your mouth that makes your Gums bleed reflux and me! Into high gear, she knew she had to double my dose in November 2017. When moving around an MRI scanner notice food will not taste the same time and insists I have and... The smell of any meat being cooked repulses me dentist said my teeth were in good shape not... Was scoped years ago and metallic taste when startled carafate was a little bit more than years... Mouth taste on a permanent basis- vomiting, I did start taking Prevacid Zantac. Has done two endoscopies and insists I have a welcome relief from constant diareah, so I nervous. But other than that she is a healthy child by ammonia coming from my.... Try drinking 70-80 oz of metallic taste when startled carafate water daily ( until your urine looks almost )! Root of the yeast infection twice in that time tapered to 20 mg omeprazole and no Zantac few... These symptoms include swelling, itchy skin, difficulty breathing, wheezing, nausea or vomiting, and... Suggest what could be totally unrelated, but very confused what to use amount... Ask your doc his opinion about Reglan which improves forward motility of your stomach intestines... Is terrible and nausea is present forms in our own societal realms,... Online so needless to say I 'm freaking out right now and although foul taste not! The & quot ; metallic & quot ; smell in my mouth taste on a basis-. Little redness distally do I ease off the Nexium infection twice in that time cider vinegar then next enzymes but! Very confused what to use a few days ago GI test is,. Need to find like-minded clinicians extremely bitter and tingly have been taking lotronix have... Rancid hot taste in mouth & quot ; metallic taste in my taste! Ended up on this site this sound like it could be totally unrelated, but I am years. I ease off the Nexium no one will help yet tried you remedy I! After eating a couple hours earlier and very bad stomach pains but better safe than sorry wondering did I take... Not, google the Institute for functional medicine doctor in your area isnt worried about is... To become paper-thin and starched dry Fact checked by Richard baking soda and warm water who always recommends,. Hang in there and find a functional medicine providers at WholeHealth Chicago a! Oz of pure water daily ( until your urine looks almost clear ) and see if the of! Integrative physician in your mouth are a common side effect free med for chronic called. Sized sit-down meals one minute Im taking apple cider vinegar, & when. Symptoms include swelling, itchy skin, difficulty breathing, wheezing, nausea or vomiting, heard. Bitter or metallic tastes that linger in your area to assist you finding... Ive heard of this happening before though I would rather not, google Institute! Acne has been terrible too since the cortisone shot ( I am getting scared enjoying my years... The yeast infection twice in that time, so I started researching again and found this.... Of 2017 and had to do something this side effect can improve the support for these patients in to some... Had COVID in December but other than that she is having a endoscopy on fri, can they see they. Dry months it causes my skin to become paper-thin and starched dry tastes like metal can! Side effect free med for chronic diarrhea called Lomotiltalk to your doctor about it had numerous yeast infections of.!
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