the atmosphere was said the best ever it was actually worded they [85] The growth, however, consisted in large part of models that were becoming obsolescent and proved easy prey for Allied aircraft. [58] Characteristically Hitler did not give Speer any clear remit; he was left to fight his contemporaries in the regime for power and control. sent during this battle. [105] Speer ended them, though the army continued to blow up bridges. Albert Speer in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland", Francisco Boix identifies Speer at Nuremberg, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Albert_Speer&oldid=1139875005, This page was last edited on 17 February 2023, at 08:56. Showing 28 distinct works. In this capacity he was responsible for the Central Department for Resettlement that evicted Jewish tenants from their homes in Berlin. He was not involved in the plot, and played a minor role in the regime's efforts to regain control over Berlin after Hitler survived. [146] Adam Tooze in his book The Wages of Destruction said Speer had manoeuvred himself through the ranks of the regime skillfully and ruthlessly and that the idea he was a technocrat blindly carrying out orders was "absurd". After he failed to do so, his father gave him a part-time job as manager of his properties. Labor to build the A4 rockets came from the Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp. The manuscript led to two books: first Erinnerungen ("Recollections") (Propylen/Ullstein, 1969), which was translated into English and published by Macmillan in 1970 as Inside the Third Reich; then as Spandauer Tagebcher ("Spandau Diaries") (Propylen/Ullstein, 1975), which was translated into English and published by Macmillan in 1976 as Spandau: The Secret Diaries. [1]:314320, Speer describes Wunderwaffen such as the Me 262 project, flying wing jet planes, a remote-controlled flying bomb, a rocket plane, a rocket missile based on infrared homing, designs for a four-motored jet bomber with the range to strike New York, and a torpedo based on sonar. [137], Speer's release from prison was a worldwide media event. [120], On 18 July 1947, Speer was transferred to Spandau Prison in Berlin to serve his prison term. This miracle was brought to a halt in the summer of 1943 by, among other factors, the first sustained Allied bombing. albert speers younger brother ernst was killed at Stalingrad From 1939 on, Speer's Department used the Nuremberg Laws to evict Jewish tenants of non-Jewish landlords in Berlin, to make way for non-Jewish tenants displaced by redevelopment or bombing. Detailed plans were completed in July 1937 and the first shell of the new chancellery was complete on 1 January 1938. Sereny gained respect for his sincerity in his personal "battle with truth.". [99] During January and February, Speer claimed that his ministry would deliver "decisive weapons" and a large increase in armaments production which would "bring about a dramatic change on the battlefield". A scene from 'Rise of the Nazis' Photo: 72 Films. [162], After Speer's death, Matthias Schmidt published a book that demonstrated that Speer had ordered the eviction of Jews from their Berlin homes. In consequence, despite tank production having the highest priority, relatively little of the armaments budget was spent on it. Speer described the personalities of many Nazi officials, including Joseph Goebbels, Hermann Gring, Heinrich Himmler, Rudolf Hess, Martin Bormann, and, of course, Hitler himself. This criticism is mainly presented by the documentary film "Speer Goes to Hollywood" by the director Vanessa Lapa. There's a small road going to the right. Neither the organizers nor Rudolf Hess were willing to decide whether to approve the plans, and Hess sent Speer to Hitler's Munich apartment to seek his approval. [166] Another myth centered around a faked plan to assassinate Hitler with poisonous gas. [72] Hitler gave Sauckel a free hand to obtain labor, something that delighted Speer, who had requested 1,000,000 "voluntary" laborers to meet the need for armament workers. [78] In August 1943, he took control of most of the Ministry of Economics, to become, in Admiral Dnitz's words, "Europe's economic dictator". Instead, development turned to a "uranium motor", for use in the navy's submarines. [34] Hitler ordered Speer to develop plans to rebuild Berlin. Air attacks on the transport network were particularly effective, as they cut the main centres of production off from essential coal supplies. Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer ( Mannheim, 19. oujka 1905. It will begin in Norway and extend to northern Italy. In the summer of 1942 Paulus advanced toward Stalingrad with 250,000 men, 500 tanks, 7,000 guns and mortars, and 25,000 horses. [84] Production of German fighter aircraft more than doubled between 1943 and 1944. He suffered a stroke and died in London on 1 September. [181] The tribune of the Zeppelinfeld stadium in Nuremberg, though partly demolished, can also be seen. The Soviet Union, having demanded a death sentence at trial, was unwilling to entertain a reduced sentence. [47] Speer denied he knew they were being put on Holocaust trains and claimed that those displaced were, "Completely free and their families were still in their apartments". [156] Speer took his myth-making to a mass media level and his "cunning apologies" were reproduced frequently in post-war Germany. Until 2 September 1943 the position's official name was Reich Minister of Armaments and Munitions. Speer's Heidelberg school offered rugby football, unusual for Germany, skiing, and Speer was a participant. Three days later, he also proposed to Hitler that Germany's remaining military resources be concentrated along the Rhine and Vistula rivers in an attempt to prolong the fighting. Paradoxically, when Speer died in 1981, he was described by the New York Times as a . According to Speer's daughter Hilde Schramm, "One by one my sister and brothers gave up. She married Prince Albert who was her cousin. Startseite; Cytologie. Using misleading statistics, he promoted himself as having performed an armaments miracle that was widely credited with keeping Germany in the war. He had become one of the most powerful people in Nazi Germany. Its aim was to ensure the preservation and growth of fighter aircraft production. like so many other Germans his Entrance to Spandau Prison, 1951. The journalist had unwittingly collaborated in one of his myths. He was aided editorially by Wolf Jobst Siedler, Ullstein and Propylaen, and Joachim Fest. The battle is infamous as one of the largest . He coveted control of the production of armaments for the Luftwaffe and Kriegsmarine as well. Speer's mother asked Albert to do something to get Ernst out. Albert Speer (1905-1981) was a trained architect. He also cites the use of the V-2 as a terror weapon, rather than continued development of the ground-to-air defensive Waterfall rocket. He lost yet more authority. [94] After the plot Speer's rivals attacked some of his closest allies and his management system fell out of favor with radicals in the party. On 27 January 1938, Speer received plenipotentiary powers from Hitler to finish the new chancellery by 1 January 1939. His architectural skills made him increasingly prominent within the Party, and he became a member of Hitler's inner circle. After hearing Hitler speak at a Berlin . [112], Speer was taken to several internment centres for Nazi officials and interrogated. - London, 1. rujna 1981.) With Rutger Hauer, John Gielgud, Maria Schell, Blythe Danner. Madonna Speaks Out Following Brother Anthony Ciccone's Death Thanking Him for His 'Important . The rockets were researched at a facility in Peenemnde along with the V-1 flying bomb. [163] By 1999, historians had amply demonstrated that Speer had lied extensively. [107] Speer visited the Fhrerbunker on 22 April for the last time. Speer created an elaborate garden complete with lawns, flower beds, shrubbery, and fruit trees. [141] He found himself unable to re-establish a relationship with his children, even with his son Albert who had also become an architect. Among those who pledged support for his sentence to be commuted were Charles de Gaulle and US diplomat George Wildman Ball. For the television film based on the book, see, :55,71,7879,83,105,115116,138,188,651,674,696, Sarah Word from the British film magazine ", Reich Ministry of Armaments and War Production, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Inside_the_Third_Reich&oldid=1132240858, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 7 January 2023, at 23:15. "[4] Martin Kitchen's 2015 biography of Speer comes to much the same conclusion. [62], Speer was fted at the time, and in the post-war era, for performing an "armaments miracle" in which German war production dramatically increased. Albert was active in sports, taking up skiing and mountaineering. [44] The chancellery was completed in early January 1939. In February 1942, Speer was appointed as Reich Minister of Armaments and War Production. Albert Speer (fdt Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer den 19. marts 1905 i Mannheim, dd 1. september 1981 i London) var en tysk arkitekt, der under 2. verdenskrig var rustningsminister (Reichsminister fr Bewaffnung und Munition) i Nazi-Tyskland.Lnge inden ministerudnvnelsen havde Speer vret Adolf Hitlers foretrukne arkitekt.. Speer blev medlem af nazistpartiet i 1931. bio je arhitekt i ministar naoruanja u nacistikoj Njemakoj. Although survivor Francisco Boix testified at the Nuremberg trials about Speer's visit,[172] Taylor writes that, had the photo been available, he would have been hanged. Which he succeeded in doing, with or without Hitler. Speer's full length portrait of Hitler has unnerving reality. [64] Another factor that produced the boom in ammunition was the policy of allocating more coal to the steel industry. [75] By April 1943, Sauckel had supplied 1,568,801 "voluntary" laborers, forced laborers, prisoners of war and concentration camp prisoners to Speer for use in his armaments factories. He took a role in that short-lived regime as Minister of Industry and Production. Four years into their relationship, in September 1981, Speer died. The designs were rushed into production, and the completed submarines were crippled by flaws which resulted from the way they had been constructed. [167] Brechtken wrote that his most brazen lie was fabricated during an interview with a French journalist in 1952. Hosted by askropp and Frech. His formal title was changed on 2 September 1943, to "Reich Minister for Armaments and War Production". [43], During the Chancellery project, the pogrom of Kristallnacht took place. He was found guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity, principally for the use of slave labor, narrowly avoiding a death sentence. [40] Speer was involved virtually from the beginning. The SS called this "Professor Speer's Special Programme". [91], On 14 April 1944, Speer lost control of Organisation Todt to his Deputy, Franz Xaver Dorsch. "[142] He supported Hermann, his brother, financially after the war. See answer (1) Copy. [124], The prisoners were forbidden to write memoirs. Speer was to be replaced by his subordinate, Karl-Otto Saur. [36] At the northern end of the boulevard, Speer planned to build the Volkshalle, a huge domed assembly hall over 700 feet (210m) high, with floor space for 180,000 people. [139] Although he stated he hoped to resume an architectural career, his sole project, a collaboration for a brewery, was unsuccessful. I presumably had a sense of somber events. [99] In reality, he had sought to prolong the war until further resistance was impossible, thus contributing to the large number of deaths and the extensive destruction Germany suffered in the conflict's final months. In 1942, he was named Minister of Armaments and Munitions, assuming significant responsibility for the German war economy. For Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, AS+P completes the planning of the Ministry of Commerce and Investment (MCI). The myth began to fall apart in the 1980s, when the armaments miracle was attributed to Nazi propaganda. It is primarily based on the memoirs of Gertraud "Traudl" Junge ( Alexandra Maria Lara ), one of Hitler's secretaries, and is one of the most accurate portrayals of the last, desperate days of the Third Reich and its effects on the Fhrer, his closest aides, and ordinary Germans. [49] Martin Kitchen described Speer's often repeated line that he knew nothing of the "dreadful things" as hollowbecause not only was he fully aware of the fate of the Jews he was actively participating in their persecution. [176] Speer is mentioned several times in the speech, and Himmler addresses him directly. Speer's desperate mother called Speer . It takes the reader inside Nazi Germany on four different levels: Hitler's inner circle, National Socialism as a whole, the area of wartime production and the inner struggle of Albert Speer. Germany's armaments production had already begun to result in increases under his predecessor, Todt. After his release on 1 October 1966, he used Federal Archive documents to rework the material into his autobiography. This was probably the start of the downfall of the Reich. This led to the development of Germany's first cyclotron. Speer's books were a success; the public was fascinated by an inside view of the Third Reich. When the commission was completed, Speer returned to Mannheim and remained there as Hitler took office in January1933. by Durand 27 Jul 2005, 14:18, Post His sentence of twenty years amounted to 7,305 days, which only allotted one and a half days per book. [111] Speer provided information to the Allies, regarding the effects of the air war, and on a broad range of subjects, beginning on 10 May. Post All of the Germanic peoples will be included in it. A speech by Albert Speer (there is an account of this speech in Albert Speer, Erinnerungen [Berlin, 1969], p. 325) was followed by speeches of his deputies: Willy Schliecker, the expert on American rearmament; Walther Rohland, the head of Panzer production; Karl Frydag, who was in charge of aircraft building; and Otto Merker, who was . Instead, he issued the "Nero Decree" on 19 March, which called for the destruction of all infrastructure as the army retreated. [8] In 1924, when the crisis had abated, he transferred to the "much more reputable" Technical University of Munich. Na Nrnberkom procesu preuzeo je moralnu odgovornost za svoja djela te je priznao ignorantnost po pitanju Holokausta. The oldest brother turned into a thorn in his youger brother Despite this opposition, the two married in Berlin on 28 August 1928; seven years elapsed before Margarete was invited to stay at her in-laws' home. They paid for Toni Proost to go on holiday, and for bribes to those who might be able to secure Speer's release. Unsubstantiated rumors have claimed that the remains were used for other building projects such as the Humboldt University, Mohrenstrae metro station and Soviet war memorials in Berlin. These factories were death-traps; discipline was brutal, with regular executions. In September 1945, he was told that he would be tried for war crimes, and several days later, he was moved to Nuremberg and incarcerated there. Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer, commonly known as Albert Speer (March 19, 1905 - September 1, 1981), was an architect, author and high-ranking Nazi German government official, sometimes called "the first architect of the Third Reich ." The complicated architecture of Albert Speer, Jr. From being the son of a Nazi to becoming one of the world's foremost architects, this 82-year-old urban planner has been on top of the German planning world for more than half a century. Speer's joint undertaking with the SS leadership resulted in the creation of Mittelwerk (Central Works) for underground production of the V-2. During the winter of 194142, in the light of Germany's disastrous defeat in the Battle of Moscow, the German leadership including Friedrich Fromm, Georg Thomas and Fritz Todt had come to the conclusion that the war could not be won. albert speers younger brother ernst was killed at Stalingrad Russia in the battle for Stalingrad. [50], As Germany started World War II in Europe, Speer instituted quick-reaction squads to construct roads or clear away debris; before long, these units would be used to clear bomb sites. An upcoming BBC documentary is set to highlight the remarkable story of Albert Goering the brother of Nazi minister and air force chief Hermann Goering who is said to have saved hundreds of. For early access to our videos, discounted merch and many other exclusive perks please support us as a Patron or Member.Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/the. On 20 July 1942, Speer was enrolled by order of Heinrich Himmler as a SS Man/member of. [3] Henry T. King, deputy prosecutor at the Nuremberg trials who later wrote a book about Speer said, "Love and warmth were lacking in the household of Speer's youth. Having served his full term, Speer was released in 1966. His claim was revealed to be false in a private correspondence written in 1971 and publicly disclosed in 2007. Albert Speer (Mannheim, Nmetorszg, 1905. mrcius 19. "[4] His brothers, Ernst and Hermann, bullied him throughout his childhood. He has risen to the top of the . [1]:55,71,7879,83,105,115116,138,188,651,674,696, Starting in April 1942, Speer became aware of the potential of German nuclear research in developing, in his words, "a weapon which could annihilate whole cities." After serving. Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer (German: [pe] ( listen); March 19, 1905 - September 1, 1981) was a German architect who was, for a part of World War II, Minister of Armaments and War Production for the Third Reich. Das Cytoskelett; Vergleich Pflanzenzelle - Tierzelle: Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten; Vergleich der Eigenschaften von prokaryotischen und eukaryotischen Zellen It was to prevent harming his son's budding career that Speer came to not re-enter architecture upon his 1966 release. It was only on the urgent advice of his publisher that he added a mention of seeing the ruins of the Central Synagogue in Berlin from his car. Speer, Albert, born 19-03-1905 in Mannheim, Baden Wrttemberg, as second of three brothers, Hermann born 1902 and Ernst born 1906, of Albert Friedrich Speer and Louise Mathilde Wilhelmine Speer (born Hommel). [10] After passing his exams in 1927, Speer became Tessenow's assistant, a high honor for a man of 22. [97] However, he concluded that the war was lost after Soviet forces captured the important Silesian industrial region later that month. "[115] Speer's attorney, Hans Flchsner, successfully contrasted Speer from other defendants[116] and portrayed him as an artist thrust into political life who had always remained a non-ideologue. This carried with it the rank of State Secretary in the Reich government and gave him extraordinary powers over the Berlin city government. When asked by his Allied captors in 1945 to what extent German military strategy had been influenced by economic considerations, Albert Speer, Hitler's armaments minister, replied that in the case of OperationBarbarossathe need for oil was certainly a prime motive. Indeed, even during initial discussions of his plan to invade the Soviet Union, Hitler had stressed the absolute necessity of . Want to Read. He had claimed that he was unaware of Nazi extermination plans, and the Allies had no proof that he was aware. [155] Speer even invented his own birth's circumstances, stating falsely that he was born at midday amid crashes of thunder and bells of the nearby Christ Church, whereas it was between three and five o'clock, and the church was built only some years after. At the end of July 1942, a lack of fuel brought Paulus to a halt at Kalach. For propaganda Hitler claimed during the topping-out ceremony on 2 August 1938, that he had ordered Speer to complete the new chancellery that year. This led to a significant German Army failure at the Battle of Prokhorovka, a major turning point on the Eastern Front against the Soviet Red Army. [45] Kristallnacht accelerated Speer's ongoing efforts to dispossess Berlin's Jews from their homes. Como Ministro do Armamento, Speer foi responsvel pela grande produtividade da Alemanha neste setor nos anos finais da Segunda Guerra Mundial. The book was a worn, thick burgundy paperback, spine splintered in three parts, tiny print . On May 15th, 1945, the Americans captured Speer and quizzed him on the success or otherwise of the Allied bombing campaign. "[2] A review by Kirkus Reviews on 27 August 1970 stated, "Speer's portrayals of the Nazi leadership, of the constant intrigues and rivalries among Hitler's entourage, and of Hitler himself, his histrionic virulence, his banality, and his peculiar magic, are engrossing and revealing. Brother of Hermann Speer and Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer. Son of Albert Friedrich Speer and Luise Mathilde Wilhelmine (Hommel) Speer. I recommend this book without reservations. Speer was aided in shaping the works by Joachim Fest and Wolf Jobst Siedler from the publishing house Ullstein. [123], In 1949, Wolters opened a bank account for Speer and began fundraising among those architects and industrialists who had benefited from Speer's activities during the war. Albert Speer was a young architect initially seduced by the speeches and rhetoric of Hitler. The family learned of this through some letters Ernst sent. [38] The outbreak of World War II in 1939 led to the postponement, and later the abandonment, of these plans. [102][103] Hitler rejected Speer's proposal to cease demolitions. On 23 May, two weeks after the surrender of German forces, British troops arrested the members of the Flensburg Government and brought Nazi Germany to a formal end. Little remains of his personal architectural work. [101], By mid-March, Speer had accepted that Germany's economy would collapse within the next eight weeks. [26] Brechtken added that, throughout Speer's life, his central motives were to gain power, rule, and acquire wealth. On 31 January 1931, he also joined the Motor Unit of the SA being a member until autumn 1932. This is followed by an epilogue dealing with the end of the war in Europe and the resulting Nuremberg trials, in which Speer was sentenced to a 20-year prison term for his actions during the war. Albert Speer was a close confidant of Hitler, and the Third Reich's most celebrated architect. [129] To make his daily walks around the garden more engaging Speer embarked on an imaginary trip around the globe. [155] In addition to the myth that he was an apolitical technocrat, he claimed he did not have full knowledge of the Holocaust or the persecution of the Jews. [99][169], Speer maintained at the Nuremberg trials and in his memoirs that he had no direct knowledge of the Holocaust. Albert Speer, nemki arhitekt in politik, * 19. marec 1905, Mannheim, 1. september 1981, London, Zdrueno kraljestvo . I was searching for information about Ernst (?) By July 1943 Speer's armaments propaganda became irrelevant because a catalogue of dramatic defeats on the battlefield meant the prospect of losing the war could no longer be hidden from the German public. Finally, Speer states, "Because I failed at the time, I still feel, to this day, responsible for Auschwitz in a wholly personal sense. alberts side and was generally desribed as a wastrel. [108] On 29 April, the day before committing suicide, Hitler dictated a final political testament which dropped Speer from the successor government. [148] In October 1973, he made his first trip to Britain, flying to London to be interviewed on the BBC Midweek programme. [119] While three of the eight judges (two Soviet and American Francis Biddle) advocated the death penalty for Speer, the other judges did not, and a compromise sentence was reached after two days of discussions. Though stockpiling of materials and other work continued, this slowed to a halt as more resources were needed for the armament industry. [179], Little remains of Speer's personal architectural works, other than the plans and photographs. Albert Speer's account of all his experiences during the war was to me, totally fascinating. [71] Speer and Sauckel cooperated closely to meet Speer's labor demands. [132] Willy Brandt was an advocate of his release,[133] putting an end to the de-Nazification proceedings against him,[134] which could have caused his property to be confiscated. Albert Speer, l'architetto prediletto da Hitler, venne accusato per la deportazione e lo sfruttamento dei civili europei. [55] At the same time, Hitler also appointed Speer as head of the Organisation Todt, a massive, government-controlled construction company. The V-2's first target was Paris on 8 September 1944. [89] To increase production, Speer introduced a system of punishments for his workforce. Initially, the funds were used only to support Speer's family, but increasingly the money was used for other purposes. He maintained Hitler was cool towards him for the remainder of his life after learning they had included him on a list of potential ministers. [67] With Hitler's full agreement, he decided to prioritize tank production, and he was given unrivaled power to ensure success. . Speer arrived there the previous evening and accepted Todt's offer to fly with him to Berlin. Trevor-Roper who calls Speer an administrative genius whose basic instincts were peaceful and constructive does take Speer to task, however, for his failure to recognize the immorality of Hitler and Nazism, calling him "the real criminal of Nazi Germany":[161], For ten years he sat at the very centre of political power; his keen intelligence diagnosed the nature and observed the mutations of Nazi government and policy; he saw and despised the personalities around him; he heard their outrageous orders and understood their fantastic ambitions; but he did nothing. [126] In Spandau Diaries, Speer aimed to present himself as a tragic hero who had made a Faustian bargain for which he endured a harsh prison sentence. 2. letters that exist between ernst and the parents which he wrote and [65] Production of every type of weapon peaked in June and July 1944, but there was now a severe shortage of fuel. Speer, imenovan tudi prvi arhitekt Tretjega rajha , je bil Hitlerjev glavni arhitekt v nacistini Nemiji, leta 1942 pa je v Hitlerjevem kabinetu postal minister za oboroitev. [144] Wolters' friendship with Speer deteriorated and one year before Speer's death Wolters gave Matthias Schmidt access to the unedited Chronicle. [81], In response to the Allied Big Week, Adolf Hitler authorized the creation of a Fighter Staff committee. Fun facts: before fame, family life, popularity rankings, and more. [18], The organizers of the 1933 Nuremberg Rally asked Speer to submit designs for the rally, bringing him into contact with Hitler for the first time. First Architect of the Third Reich. Hitler appointed Speer, whose work for Goebbels had impressed him, to manage the building site for Troost.
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