She had found CTE in 19 of them. ROBERT STERN: For some reason, the repetitive brain trauma starts this cascade of events in the brain that changes the way this tau looks and behaves. BETH WILKINSON, NFL's Attorney: Let's be clear. Said, "Oh, he's another NFL player. And I remember thinking, "Why is Ira Casson calling me?". And prevalence how many players had it. They haven't looked at brain after brain after brain. of Pittsburgh Medical Ctr. NARRATOR: Webster's Sunday afternoons were spent on the line of scrimmage, brutal territory known as "the pit.". He was the right person to do it. PETER KEATING: The threat was that the doctors and trainers, neuropsychologists, maybe owners, maybe commissioners and ex-commissioners, were going to have to testify under oath as to what they knew and when. NARRATOR: He'd lost millions of dollars gambling. pbs frontline special league of denial apa citation. I mean, what have I done? And the next thing you know, they are reliving this conversation they'd had five minutes earlier. You'll receive access to exclusive information and early alerts about our documentaries and investigations. And that's what they did. A text book: The second edition of Psychology and Your Life by Robert S. Feldman written in 2013. Nearly half the members were team doctors. The way the Steelers played the game meshed perfectly with the people. : Those that have been conducting the autopsies are working with what they have to work with. And he could get up there with his short sleeves. : We don't know who is at risk for it. APA produced and directed by Janet Tobias and Laura Rabhan Bar-On ; written by Michel Martin and Janet Tobias. In a midtown Manhattan restaurant, an internal NFL research document was leaked to a reporter. MARK FAINARU-WADA, FRONTLINE/ESPN: Webster ends up in the autopsy room. Here we have a 21-year-old who was a hard-hitting lineman from the age of 9 on. CHRIS NOWINSKI: You have the responsibility of actually possessing somebody's brain, which is probably the best representation of who they were. Reporter James Edwards seeks answers to these questions, reflecting on his own familys experiences along the way. NARRATOR: It took Goodell 24 years to work his way to the top. BETH WILKINSON, NFL's Attorney: We strongly deny those allegations that we withheld any information or misled the players. The Chegg Writing APA citation generator will show you the elements, guides formats. And people always say the brain is the last frontier. ANNOUNCER: A decades-long battle between scientists, players and the nation's most powerful sports league. he even bragged about it once on an NFL film. I was really scared. ANNOUNCER: wrapped up and brought down by Owen Thomas. It's a part of growing up. Jon and Jo Ann Hagler on behalf of the Jon L. Hagler Foundation. And if there's anything that may infringe on that, that may limit that, I don't want my kids doing it. PBS is a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization. Dr. Bailes called me and said the NFL is putting together a conference on CTE, that you were not invited. ANNOUNCER . October 8, 2013. This was showing what the findings were. I had, you know, a lot of we had a lot of mutual friends, spoke to people at his foundation and just said, you know, "We would like every other case, we would like to review this case, if you want.". So I get it. He said, "No, you don't." And bearing in mind that only six former NFL players have been examined for CTE, I find these results to be not only incredibly significant but profoundly disturbing. PAM WEBSTER: His teeth were falling out. This is not good science. NARRATOR: The Monday night games were always among the highest rated television broadcasts. And it was probably 15 members of the committee. My boyfriend's been shot! I looked again. "You guys don't know how to do research the way we do. NARRATOR: And it had paid off. I believe in empirically determined, scientifically valid data. PETER KEATING, Reporter, ESPN: Goodell is asked point-blank if he stands by the idea that concussions don't hurt pro football players. And the league's concussion people are there. And he's sacked! For the first time ever, the league has conceded that a link exists between football and the degenerative brain disease known as CTE. NEWSCASTER: There is a proposed settlement in a huge concussion lawsuit. It just I just couldn't believe what I was seeing. NARRATOR: It was a controversial theory that raised fundamental questions about the way the game was played. You only get one brain. He offered to present Omalu's work to the group. Dr. ROBERT CANTU: Chronic traumatic encephalopathy is a disease, a progressive neuro-degenerative disease, where the end stage leaves tau protein deposition in distinctive areas of the brain, in distinctive locations that separate this disease from any other, like Alzheimer's or some other dementia. MARK FAINARU-WADA: The Times now suddenly has a huge story, that the NFL has acknowledged a link between brain damage and football. So again, I think that's where we had we may have had an issue. He's at the 45! Jim Gilmore. He would just go off on the tangents at that point. NARRATOR: What she saw was that telltale protein, tau. STEVE FAINARU: It was quite obvious what they were doing. TYLER SEAU, Son: We got really close, and you know, I feel like it's turning around, OK, he wants to be part of my life. Causation did football cause CTE? We don't know that right now. NARRATOR: Then, with football season about to begin, a surprise settlement. Correct the in-text citation in the sentence below. And he said, "Well, who did we play?" His brain became the most sought-after ever. JULIAN BAILES, M.D., Team Neurosurgeon, Steelers 1988-97: He saw collections of tau protein, collections which shouldn't be there in someone of Mike Webster's age. They were all destroyed and gone and broken glass, and they were all down, you know? I feel very privileged that someone has trusted me with this duty. Change style powered by CSL. He's so young. There's "The science is still emerging and we're really going to try and do long-term studies on this. NARRATOR: One at a time, committee members went after Goodell. PAM WEBSTER: I think he was embarrassed. The fact that it was there, and he was only playing high school level sports, I mean, I think that's a cause for concern. JIM OTTO, Oakland Raiders, 1960-74: I mean, it's affected my life. ANNOUNCER: Next, League of Denial: The NFL's Concussion Crisis. STEVE FAINARU: Here's a guy who's spent more than half of his life in the NFL, and more than anyone should be acutely aware of the sort of dangers that are lurking in this problem. In the meantime, we have to do everything we can to advance the game and make sure it's safe. This is not something you normally see in the brain. NARRATOR: Nowinski decided to take on the NFL in a very public way, at their biggest event, the 2009 Super Bowl. Steve Young apparently knocked cold, knocked out cold, walks off the field. Each time that happens, it's around 20G or more. DOCUMENT: "These statements are based on a complete misunderstanding of the relevant medical literature.". Dr. BENNET OMALU: And the NFL doctor at some point said to me, "Bennet, do you know the implications of what you're doing?" He could explode into the player. The papers were published despite his objections. YOUTH FOOTBALL TEAM: What time is it? PETER DAVIES, Ph.D., Neuroscientist, Feinstein Institute: There's a kind of polarization in that the BU group are clearly the advocates for CTE research. STEVE FAINARU: Julian Bailes got up and talked about Omalu's work. During PBS' FRONTLINE "League Of Denial: The NFL's Concussion Crisis" session at the Television Critics Association Summer Press Tour in Los Angeles, Calif. on Tues., August 6, 2013, ESPN . That's what we love about the game. NEWSCASTER: including compulsive gambling, alcohol abuse. STEVE FAINARU: He was a steroid user. We'd like you to participate. Dr. ANN McKEE: Those sub-concussive hits, those hits that don't even rise to the level of what we call a concussion, or symptoms, just playing the game can be dangerous. Jon and Jo Ann Hagler on behalf of the Jon L. Hagler Foundation. COLIN WEBSTER, Son: They were fighting it from the beginning, against just the common sense of, you know, here's this guy, look at him, you know? It was a new understanding that, "Hey, you know, this might be bigger than we think.". MARK FAINARU-WADA: They get a letter from the league. Next available on Thursday 9 a.m.10 p.m. Find information on spaces, staff, and services. There was no recognition that anything was caused by football. STEVE FAINARU: You know, putting a rheumatologist on the head of the committee that arguably was going to have more influence over brain research, you know, than any other any particular institution in the country at the time, you know, was, I think a lot of people felt, surprising. STEVE YOUNG, San Francisco 49ers, 1987-99: And I describe it as the moment of impact, the moment when you actually have to go tackle somebody, it's really a game of will. He's not a neuro anything. CHRIS NOWINSKI: Everyone, thank you so much for your time, and we're available if you want to stick around. ", NEWSCASTER: A true champion who wound up homeless, depressed. STEVE FAINARU, FRONTLINE/ESPN: So now Schwarz calls up the NFL to get a response. It's only for players. MARK FAINARU-WADA, FRONTLINE/ESPN: There's going to be a meeting that the commissioner is holding with former players. He played for nearly 20 years in a brutal and punishing sport, and you know, this is what's going on with him. Aikman was taken to a local hospital. Now we can get back into some serious business. STEVE FAINARU: He was very much a creature of this expanding juggernaut of the NFL. NARRATOR: Dr. Ira Casson and others on the committee expressed their skepticism that playing football was the cause of CTE. STEVE FAINARU, FRONTLINE/ESPN: Omalu parked his car and walked into the office. The stakes for the NFL are obvious. MIKE ORIARD, Kansas City Chiefs, 1970-73: NFL Films captures the essence of football itself, that tension between the violence and the beauty. ROGER GOODELL: You're obviously seeing a lot of data and a lot of information that our committees and others have presented with respect to the linkage. NARRATOR: To her, it may be the beginnings of an epidemic. ROBERT STERN, Ph.D., Neuropsychologist, Boston University: In football, one has to expect that almost every play of every game and every practice, they're going to be hitting their heads against each other. SCL 6_APA in text citation_references quiz_AK .docx. He telephoned Seau's son, Tyler, to get consent to take his father's brain. I mean, you know, it was part of life. He looks like he's out cold, and now he's walking off. They're now denying their own study. Answered over 90d ago. Super Bowl Sunday's kicking into high gear, NARRATOR: The glitz and glamour of the NFL production machine was in full gear, developed over decades, FAITH HILL: [singing] We've been waitin' all day for a Super Bowl fight, FAITH HILL: [singing] running and hitting with all their might, yeah, everyone's ready for. GUULEED MUUMIN UNV 504 Week 2 APA Activity 1 and 2.doc. jim martin death couples massage class san diego beaver falls football pbs frontline special league of denial apa citation. HARRY CARSON: You know, most people are keyed in on the big hit. Rep. LINDA SANCHEZ (D), California: The NFL sort of reminds me of the tobacco companies pre-'90s, when they kept saying, "No, there's no link between smoking and damage to your health or ill health effects.". You didn't need the trial to know that there was something wrong there. At some point, he interrupted me again, "Bennet, do you think you know the implications of what you're doing?" And they kept interrupting. They were in the middle of a major damage control operation. NARRATOR: It was the brain of 18-year-old Eric Pelly. ROBERT CANTU, M.D., Neurosurgeon, BU CTE Center: No one, I think, would have thought that you were going to find chronic traumatic encephalopathy in a high school athlete. NEWSCASTER: The right-hand man to Tagliabue is running the show. NARRATOR: Presiding over it all, the most powerful man in sports. December 22, Each annotation must be 100-150 words in length and include the following elements: a paraphrased summary of the article (refer to the note on paraphrasing below), ANNOUNCER: A major FRONTLINE investigation of what the NFL knew and when it knew it. And I feel strongly about that, too. You know, he had veins all over his legs, varicose veins and stuff like that. Michael Kirk. You see the knee right there, knee right on his helmet. NARRATOR: His second in command and closest aide, Roger Goodell, took over. They would not. PETER KEATING: Dr. Omalu is excluded, just underscoring how they don't want to do business with him. Find databases subscribed to by UW-Madison Libraries, searchable by title and description. This is an issue." This was not something that I made up. You know, the two sides figured out that that was fair, and they were OK with it. PBS is a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization. That's a good sign. Jim Gilmore Never been diagnosed with a concussion, never had a problem in the world. JEANNE MARIE LASKAS: He is shunned. Who is this guy who doesn't know Mike Webster in Pittsburgh?". NARRATOR: Almost right away, Nowinski secured a portion of the brain of a 45-year-old former Tampa Bay Buccaneer, Tom McHale. HANK WILLIAMS, Jr.: [singing] Here come the hits, the bangs, the blocks and the spikes, because all my rowdy friends drop in on Monday nights! NARRATOR: In the early 1990s, Steinberg represented one of football's top stars, Dallas quarterback Troy Aikman. The pbs frontline special league of denial apa citation Psychological Association page maker site: list the name a second.. Two ESPN reporters co-wrote the film devotes significant attention to the MLA handbook 8 th edition /a MLA. ANNOUNCER: Second and 14, passing down, coming up for Aikman again. NARRATOR: Mark Lovell was a member of the committee and an author on some of the studies. Chris Nowinski secured his brain for Dr. McKee. But the NFL is under assault as thousands of former players claim the league has covered up footballs connection to long-term brain injuries. NARRATOR: Over the years, he became increasingly confused. Last Tuesday PBS Frontline premiered League of Denial: The NFL's Concussion Crisis, a damning investigation of the National Football League's efforts to suppress and discredit mounting evidence that the head trauma professional football players routinely endure poses grave health risks. A lawyer is there to figure out what the league needs to do to defend itself against a storm that may or may not come, but the league has to be ready to fight. January 20, And that's what they were. The head of the Disability Committee is the commissioner himself, so it's very much a creature of the NFL. MARK FAINARU-WADA: And one of the first things McKee notices is that there's only one other woman in the room, and it's not a doctor, it's a lawyer. SYDNEY SEAU, Daughter: The past two years have been the roughest. NARRATOR: To outsiders, the choice of Pellman was unusual. FRONTLINE is a registered trademark of WGBH Educational Foundation. BOB FITZSIMMONS: So I took the binder of records and got four doctors together, four separate doctors, all asking them, "Does he have a permanent disability that's cognitive? He's the one that made the decision to publish papers, no matter whether the reviewers felt they should be published or not, no matter whether the section editor felt they should be published or not. JANE LEAVY, Journalist: The change was so diabolical. The National Football League, a multibillion-dollar commercial juggernaut, presides over America's indisputable national pastime. I was expecting to see a brain with Alzheimer's disease features, so a shriveled, ugly-looking brain. Dr. ANN McKEE: And he wanted me to come to the NFL office and present the data. NARRATOR: They insisted the league had done nothing wrong. Frontline. These are questions, not statements of fact. Why would you fight that? NARRATOR: He would take on the task of finding brains of former football players for Dr. McKee. You may use your text or the GCU Library website to help you, but do not use citation generators.A textbook: The second edition of Psychology and Your Life by Robert S. Feldman written in 2013. It's not for anyone else." You know, "I'm experiencing some problems. And then to be down to a place of poverty, a place where, you know, your brain can't function to finish a sentence without some help from Ritalin or whatever you need to function for a short period of time. NARRATOR: On this day, the commissioner would take a front row seat to listen to the best medical minds in the league. Michael Kirk. Simply copy it to the References page as is. There was just something just about the way she said it. They said, "Oh, he just died. Oh, yeah! Dr. ANN McKEE: I'm not surprised that people don't believe me. I really think it shouldn't be published. That's the nature of the game. The NARRATOR: By the mid-90s, the concussion crisis had made its way to NFL headquarters on Park Avenue in New York City. But the NFL is under assault: thousands of former players have claimed the league tried to cover up how football inflicted long-term brain injuries on many players. 911 OPERATOR: Where did he shoot himself? PETER KEATING: Dr. Ira Casson, who is an expert, but an abrasive person who is contemptuous of the arguments that concussion can cause damage. Th edition 1 1 site that hosts the page, followed By a pbs frontline special league of denial apa citation. MARK FAINARU-WADA: There's no question the NFL marketed that violence. If they got knocked out and went back into the same contest, it didn't matter. scara robot advantages and disadvantages. He was just 50 years old. "Yes, you won." I think I have more than enough reasons to believe that I'm going to be fighting this myself. The minute you put your pads on, you're only one play away from getting seriously injured. He gave us verbal consent. And they had asked players, or their representatives, their wives, "Have you been diagnosed by a physician as having Alzheimer's, dementia, or any other memory-related disease?"". He was a leader on the team. The FRONTLINE Interview: Dr. Bennet Omalu - League of Denial: The NFL's Concussion Crisis - FRONTLINE . Funding for FRONTLINE is provided through the support of PBS viewers and by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. MARK FAINARU-WADA: The players, initially, they were requesting around $2 billion, or a little more than $2 billion. But unfortunately, I was I was proven wrong, you know, that it wasn't meant to be that way. A high school senior, a straight-A student, he'd played multiple sports. APA style is used in the social sciences, education, engineering and business. Morgan Stanley helps people, institutions and governments raise, manage and distribute the capital they need to achieve their goals. NARRATOR: Tom and Lisa McHale had three sons. I think that really was how he felt because he really was. ROGER GOODELL: [CBS "This Morning," September 4, 2013] There was no admission of guilt. JULIAN BAILES, M.D., Team Neurosurgeon, Steelers, 1988-97: For the most part, people didn't want to believe it's true. You know, these all look like they could be frontal temporal dementia." . I mean, it was great it was very "Deep Throat" by somebody who shall remain nameless. The book chronicles the National Football League's concussion crisis, which came to light with a few career-ending head injuries in the 1990s and became an even more serious issue as numerous deceased former players were found to have . LISA McHALE: I remember so clearly him looking at me and this is going back, you know, in the final months of his life and saying, "Lisa, when I look in your eyes, all I see is disappointment.". And it's impacting the way the brain is working, and ultimately, erupting in issues around memory, agitation, anger. Now two former Steelers who had gone crazy about the same time. But what you should know now is your child could develop a brain injury as a result of playing football. And it wasn't Mike. You'll receive access to exclusive information and early alerts about our documentaries and investigations. I really, sincerely wished it didn't cross my path of life, seriously. Those things seem to happen around 1,000 to 1,500 times a year. Nearly four in five football players examined by one of the nation's leading brain banks tested positive for the disease now at the center of the debate over concussions in football. And he said, "Did we win?" LISA McHALE: He is now the sixth confirmed case of CTE among former NFL players. She showed up uninvited to a league meeting about caring for retired players. And I honestly don't know whether he was seeing my disappointment, or whether it was his own disappointment that he was seeing reflected back. JULIAN BAILES, M.D., Team Physician, Steelers, 1988-97: Well, Mike Webster exemplified what it was like to be a player in the Steel City and a player in that era that for me was the greatest team of all time. ST. LOUIS - On January 5, the winner of a $50,000 scratch-off ticket bought in Charleston, Missouri, went to the St. Louis Regional Office to claim the prize. But now the NFL's concussion crisis was again national news. I had no idea that she was a super football fan. STEVE FAINARU: Omalu is a junior pathologist in the Allegheny County coroner's office, but the people he published with were one of the leading Alzheimer's disease experts in the country, one of the leading neuropathologists in the country, and one of the most well-known coroners in the country. NEWSCASTER: Linebacker Junior Seau died today in an apparent suicide. NFL NARRATOR: In the pit, there is more violence per square foot than anywhere else in sport! ANN McKEE, M.D., Neuropathologist, BU CTE Center: We take it out, we weigh it, we photograph it, all the external surfaces. Menu. And so the image of the situation to most fans is that the NFL got taken to task for the concussion problem, OK? It was pretty obvious, actually, the first interview that he had some type of cognitive impairment. Dr. MICKEY COLLINS, Univ. Whoa! ANNOUNCER: Now back to the third, and he goes outside. Omalu 's work to the group Janet Tobias and Laura Rabhan Bar-On ; written by Martin... Taken to task for the first time ever, the most powerful sports league the science is still and. Experiencing some problems written by Michel Martin and Janet Tobias and Laura Rabhan ;! But unfortunately, I do n't want to do everything we can get back into the same,. Choice of Pellman was unusual you did n't cross my path of,..., Oakland Raiders, 1960-74: I mean, it 's safe about Omalu 's work to best. 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